The present invention relates to solvent compositions and processes for inhibiting the generation of peroxide in glycol ether solvents. In one aspect, a solvent composition comprises at least one glycol ether, at least one antioxidant containing a hindered phenol, wherein the concentration of the antioxidant in the solvent composition is less than or equal to 1,000 ppm by weight, and a peroxide, wherein the concentration of the peroxide in the solvent composition is less than 20 ppm, and wherein the APHA color index of the solvent composition is less than 25.

A method of producing a acid/metal bifunctional catalyst may include: mixing an acid catalyst, a metal catalyst, and a fluid to produce a slurry, wherein the acid catalyst is present at 50 wt % or less relative to a total catalyst weight in the slurry; heating the slurry; producing a powder from the slurry; and calcining the powder to produce the acid/metal bifunctional catalyst. Such acid/metal bifunctional catalyst would be useful in the direct conversion of syngas to dimethyl ether as well as other reactions.

Novel singly protected 2,2′-dihydroxybiaryls, electrochemical process for preparation of singly protected 2,2′-dihydroxybiaryls.

Novel singly protected 2,2′-dihydroxybiaryls, electrochemical process for preparation of singly protected 2,2′-dihydroxybiaryls.

Provided is a method for producing, from a carboxylic acid ester, a corresponding ether. In the method, the reaction product and catalyst can be easily separated, and a large amount of salt waste or hazardous waste is not discharged. The method for producing an ether includes reducing a carboxylic acid ester with molecular hydrogen in the presence of the following Catalyst and producing the corresponding ether, in which the —C(═O)O— group of the carboxylic acid ester has been converted to a —CH.sub.2O— group: Catalyst: a catalyst in which the following M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are supported as metal species on the following Support. M.sup.1: platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, or iridium. M.sup.2: molybdenum, rhenium, tungsten, or vanadium. Support: zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, or hydroxyapatite.

Provided is a method for producing, from a carboxylic acid ester, a corresponding ether. In the method, the reaction product and catalyst can be easily separated, and a large amount of salt waste or hazardous waste is not discharged. The method for producing an ether includes reducing a carboxylic acid ester with molecular hydrogen in the presence of the following Catalyst and producing the corresponding ether, in which the —C(═O)O— group of the carboxylic acid ester has been converted to a —CH.sub.2O— group: Catalyst: a catalyst in which the following M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are supported as metal species on the following Support. M.sup.1: platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, or iridium. M.sup.2: molybdenum, rhenium, tungsten, or vanadium. Support: zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, or hydroxyapatite.

This disclosure provides low viscosity, low volatility alkylated siloxane compounds and alkylated alkoxy silane compounds. This disclosure also provides processes for producing the alkylated siloxane compounds and alkylated alkoxy silane compounds, and lubricating oil basestocks and lubricating oils containing one or more of the alkylated siloxane compounds or one or more of the alkylated alkoxy silane compounds. This disclosure further provides a method for improving one or more of solubility and dispersancy of polar additives and/or sludge in a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil containing one or more of the alkylated siloxane compounds or one or more of the alkylated alkoxy silane compounds.

This disclosure provides low viscosity, low volatility alkylated siloxane compounds and alkylated alkoxy silane compounds. This disclosure also provides processes for producing the alkylated siloxane compounds and alkylated alkoxy silane compounds, and lubricating oil basestocks and lubricating oils containing one or more of the alkylated siloxane compounds or one or more of the alkylated alkoxy silane compounds. This disclosure further provides a method for improving one or more of solubility and dispersancy of polar additives and/or sludge in a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil containing one or more of the alkylated siloxane compounds or one or more of the alkylated alkoxy silane compounds.

A method for forming a blend of ethers from a blend of alcohols includes a step of reacting a hydrocarbon-containing gas with an oxygen-containing gas to form first product blend. The first product blend includes a blend of partially oxygenated compounds. The blend of partially oxygenated compounds is provided to a reactive distillation station where it is converted a second product blend. The second product blend typically includes a mixture of ethers. An apparatus implementing the method is also provided.

A method for forming a blend of ethers from a blend of alcohols includes a step of reacting a hydrocarbon-containing gas with an oxygen-containing gas to form first product blend. The first product blend includes a blend of partially oxygenated compounds. The blend of partially oxygenated compounds is provided to a reactive distillation station where it is converted a second product blend. The second product blend typically includes a mixture of ethers. An apparatus implementing the method is also provided.