This disclosure relates to trans-cyclooctene compounds and methods of using the same in bioorthogonal labeling experiments.

A method for detecting phospholipase D (PLD) activity in a cell, comprising: (i) stimulating endogenous PLD in said cell for said PLD to catalyze a transphosphatidylation reaction between phosphatidylcholine or a derivative thereof and an exogenous functionalized alcohol to form a phosphatidyl alcohol, wherein the functionalized alcohol possesses a first functional group that can react with and form a bond to a functionalized detectable label having a second functional group reactive with the first functional group, and said phosphatidyl alcohol contains said first functional group in available form; (ii) reacting said phosphatidyl alcohol with said functionalized detectable label under conditions where said functionalized detectable label reacts, via its second functional group, with the first functional group to form a linkage between said detectable label and said phosphatidyl alcohol so as to form a labeled phosphatidyl alcohol containing said detectable label; and (iii) detecting said labeled phosphatidyl alcohol.

A method for detecting phospholipase D (PLD) activity in a cell, comprising: (i) stimulating endogenous PLD in said cell for said PLD to catalyze a transphosphatidylation reaction between phosphatidylcholine or a derivative thereof and an exogenous functionalized alcohol to form a phosphatidyl alcohol, wherein the functionalized alcohol possesses a first functional group that can react with and form a bond to a functionalized detectable label having a second functional group reactive with the first functional group, and said phosphatidyl alcohol contains said first functional group in available form; (ii) reacting said phosphatidyl alcohol with said functionalized detectable label under conditions where said functionalized detectable label reacts, via its second functional group, with the first functional group to form a linkage between said detectable label and said phosphatidyl alcohol so as to form a labeled phosphatidyl alcohol containing said detectable label; and (iii) detecting said labeled phosphatidyl alcohol.

A process is described for the separation of at least one inositol from a carob extract. The carob extract is filtered and demineralized, and has a Brix value greater than 60 and a pinitol content of 5 to 25 wt %. The carob extract is subjected to chromatographic separation which involves at least one passage on a chromatographic resin. This produces an aqueous solution comprising 35 to 70 wt % pinitol and a Brix value of 20 or lower. The aqueous solution is then purified to obtain a purified aqueous solution having a pinitol content of more than 55%.

A process is described for the separation of at least one inositol from a carob extract. The carob extract is filtered and demineralized, and has a Brix value greater than 60 and a pinitol content of 5 to 25 wt %. The carob extract is subjected to chromatographic separation which involves at least one passage on a chromatographic resin. This produces an aqueous solution comprising 35 to 70 wt % pinitol and a Brix value of 20 or lower. The aqueous solution is then purified to obtain a purified aqueous solution having a pinitol content of more than 55%.

The present disclosure relates to methods of carbon-carbon bond fragmentation.

The present disclosure relates to methods of carbon-carbon bond fragmentation.

The present disclosure is drawn to methods of treating diseases or disorders, and uses of preparing medicaments. The methods of administering and/or preparation of medicaments can include the use of a compound of Formula (I) disclosed herein, or a geometric isomer, stereoisomer, and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

To provide a fluorinated ether compound, a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid excellent in chemical resistance, an article having a surface layer excellent in chemical resistance and a method for producing it, and a method for producing a fluorinated ether compound excellent in chemical resistance.

A fluorinated ether compound which has a first partial structure represented by the following formula (1) and a second partial structure represented by the following formula (2), and which has at least five first partial structures, or has at least two second partial structures:

—OR.sup.f12—  (1)

—OR.sup.f13—  (2)

wherein R.sup.f12 is a C.sub.1-6 fluoroalkylene group, and R.sup.f13 is a group having a fluorinated cyclic structure which may have a hetero atom.

To provide a fluorinated ether compound, a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid excellent in chemical resistance, an article having a surface layer excellent in chemical resistance and a method for producing it, and a method for producing a fluorinated ether compound excellent in chemical resistance.

A fluorinated ether compound which has a first partial structure represented by the following formula (1) and a second partial structure represented by the following formula (2), and which has at least five first partial structures, or has at least two second partial structures:

—OR.sup.f12—  (1)

—OR.sup.f13—  (2)

wherein R.sup.f12 is a C.sub.1-6 fluoroalkylene group, and R.sup.f13 is a group having a fluorinated cyclic structure which may have a hetero atom.