A composition of a compound represented by FIG. 1 for use in substance-assisted therapy. A method of changing neurotransmission, by administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of FIG. 1 to a mammal, interacting with serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the mammal, in particular also human beings, and inducing psychoactive effects. A method of treating a patient having adverse reactions to psychedelics by administering a desoxyscaline derivative to the patient, and avoiding adverse effects present with psychedelics. A method of changing neurotransmission of an individual, by administering a desoxyscaline derivative, and changing neurotransmission in the individual.

A method includes: providing a mixture including at least one alkyl tosylate and a Grignard reagent; and reacting the at least one alkyl tosylate with the Grignard reagent in a C—C coupling reaction mechanism to form a branched aliphatic alcohol.

A method includes: providing a mixture including at least one alkyl tosylate and a Grignard reagent; and reacting the at least one alkyl tosylate with the Grignard reagent in a C—C coupling reaction mechanism to form a branched aliphatic alcohol.

The invention relates to bimesogenic compounds of formula I

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to the use of bimesogenic compounds of formula I in liquid crystal media and particular to flexoelectric liquid crystal devices comprising a liquid crystal medium according to the present invention.

Provided is a method for producing (alkyl)arene compounds represented by Formulae 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of alkyl halide compounds and arene compounds using organic phosphine compounds as a catalyst. ##STR00001##

Provided is a method for producing (alkyl)arene compounds represented by Formulae 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of alkyl halide compounds and arene compounds using organic phosphine compounds as a catalyst. ##STR00001##

A series of new macrocycles and cage-like molecules are obtained in a high yield from a bis-(2,4-dialkoxyphenyl)arene (naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, porphyrin, etc.) or a tris-(2,4-dialkoxyphenyl)arene (benzene, sym-tribenzobenzene) and paraformaldehyde under the catalysis of a Lewis acid. In addition, perhydroxybiphenylarenes (tetrabiphenyl trimer, naphthalene dimer, etc.) can be obtained by means of demethylation, and a variety of water-soluble derivatives can be obtained by further modification, with same exhibiting a good bond ability for guest molecules (purpurine, etc.). Moreover, the functional group introduced into the backbone enables the macrocycle to have excellent adsorption and separation capabilities and a photophysical property. The macrocyclic and cage-like molecules have commercially available raw materials, are simple to synthesize, have a high yield, and are convenient to modify, such that same have wide application prospects in gas adsorption and separation, facilitate performance improvement of luminescent materials, perform adsorption of water-soluble toxic substances, etc.

Provided is a resin material showing a high thermal conductivity and having high heat resistance while having a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. The material is a polyfunctional vinyl resin, which is represented by the following general formula (1):

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where R.sup.1s each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.2s each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a dicyclopentenyl group, and at least one thereof represents a dicyclopentenyl group, Xs each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a vinyl group-containing aromatic group represented by the formula (1a), and at least one thereof represents a vinyl group-containing aromatic group, “n” represents a number of repetitions, and the average thereof is a number of from 1 to 5, and Ar represents an aromatic ring.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.