Fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are provided. The fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials include a silica material having the fluorinated cyclopentene moiety covalently bonded thereto. Exemplary silica materials include a polysilsesquioxane, a nanosilica, a microsilica, a silica gel, a silica aerogel, or combinations thereof. The fluorinated cyclopentene moieties are based on a modification of perfluorocyclopentene (i.e., 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-cyclopentene) by nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate nucleophile having a reactive functional group. Methods for preparing fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and the corresponding fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are also provided.

Fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are provided. The fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials include a silica material having the fluorinated cyclopentene moiety covalently bonded thereto. Exemplary silica materials include a polysilsesquioxane, a nanosilica, a microsilica, a silica gel, a silica aerogel, or combinations thereof. The fluorinated cyclopentene moieties are based on a modification of perfluorocyclopentene (i.e., 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-cyclopentene) by nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate nucleophile having a reactive functional group. Methods for preparing fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and the corresponding fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are also provided.

A monomer having formula (A) is provided. R.sup.A is H, methyl or trifluoromethyl, X.sup.1 is a single bond, ether, ester or amide bond, R.sup.a is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 monovalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.b is H or an acid labile group, X is halogen, n is an integer of 1 to 4, m is an integer of 0 to 3, and 1n+m4. A resist composition comprising a polymer derived from the monomer has a high sensitivity to high-energy radiation, especially EUV.

##STR00001##

A compound having the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of: H, F, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, and halo(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; and R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, as well as processes for the preparation of the compound, and intermediate compounds.

A compound having the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of: H, F, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, and halo(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; and R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, as well as processes for the preparation of the compound, and intermediate compounds.

Fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are provided. The fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials include a silica material having the fluorinated cyclopentene moiety covalently bonded thereto. Exemplary silica materials include a polysilsesquioxane, a nanosilica, a microsilica, a silica gel, a silica aerogel, or combinations thereof. The fluorinated cyclopentene moieties are based on a modification of perfluorocyclopentene (i.e., 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-cyclopentene) by nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate nucleophile having a reactive functional group. Methods for preparing fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and the corresponding fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are also provided.

Fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are provided. The fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials include a silica material having the fluorinated cyclopentene moiety covalently bonded thereto. Exemplary silica materials include a polysilsesquioxane, a nanosilica, a microsilica, a silica gel, a silica aerogel, or combinations thereof. The fluorinated cyclopentene moieties are based on a modification of perfluorocyclopentene (i.e., 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-cyclopentene) by nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate nucleophile having a reactive functional group. Methods for preparing fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and the corresponding fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are also provided.

Compounds that have agonist activity at one or more of the S1P receptors are provided. The compounds are sphin-gosine analogs that, after phosphorylation, can behave as agonists at S1P receptors.

Compounds that have agonist activity at one or more of the S1P receptors are provided. The compounds are sphin-gosine analogs that, after phosphorylation, can behave as agonists at S1P receptors.

A heat transfer composition for transferring heat and/or energy to and/or from an article, device or fluid, wherein the heat transfer composition comprises, consists essentially of or consists of a compound according to Formula I or Formula II or Formula III:

##STR00001## where each R and each R is independently selected from H, F, Cl, R1, and OR1, each R1 is independently: a C1 to C3 alkane that is unsubstituted or substituted with F and/or Cl; or C1 to C3 alkene that is unsubstituted or substituted with F and/or Cl; or Bz, where Bz is an unsubstituted benzene ring, and provided that the molecule has at least three F substituents bonded to a carbon in the cyclobutene ring.