A compound represented by the following formula (1).

##STR00001##

(in formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, provided that at least one R.sup.4 and/or at least one R.sup.5 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, m.sup.2 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8, m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9, provided that m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are not 0 at the same time, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and p.sup.2 to p.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.)

A compound represented by the following formula (1).

##STR00001##

(in formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, provided that at least one R.sup.4 and/or at least one R.sup.5 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, m.sup.2 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8, m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9, provided that m.sup.4 and m.sup.5 are not 0 at the same time, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and p.sup.2 to p.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.)

The present invention concerns a process for creating a Carbon-Carbon bond (CC) or a Carbon-Heteroatom bond (CHE) by reacting a compound carrying a leaving group with a nucleophilic compound carrying a carbon atom or a heteroatom (HE) that can substitute for the leaving group, creating a CC or CHE bond, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an effective quantity of a. a catalytic system comprising a ligand and at least a metal-based catalyst, such a metal catalyst being chosen among iron or copper compounds proviso that only a single metal is present.

The present invention concerns a process for creating a Carbon-Carbon bond (CC) or a Carbon-Heteroatom bond (CHE) by reacting a compound carrying a leaving group with a nucleophilic compound carrying a carbon atom or a heteroatom (HE) that can substitute for the leaving group, creating a CC or CHE bond, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an effective quantity of a. a catalytic system comprising a ligand and at least a metal-based catalyst, such a metal catalyst being chosen among iron or copper compounds proviso that only a single metal is present.

An organic compound represented by the following formula [1] or [2]: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.22 independently denote a substituent selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, and/or R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 may be bonded together to form a ring structure.

An organic compound represented by the following formula [1] or [2]: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.22 independently denote a substituent selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, and/or R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 may be bonded together to form a ring structure.

A composition comprising a fuel and at least one compound characterized by Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein X is carbon, oxygen, or sulfur; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, or a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.3 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.4 each independently are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, or a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.5 and R.sup.5 each independently are a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 alkyl; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; and R.sup.7 and R.sup.7 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and wherein the compound of Formula I when subjected to GC-MS using electron ionization at greater than about 70 eV produces at least one ion having a mass-to-charge ratio of from 300 to 600.

A composition comprising a fuel and at least one compound characterized by Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein X is carbon, oxygen, or sulfur; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, or a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.3 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.4 each independently are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, or a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.5 and R.sup.5 each independently are a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 alkyl; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; and R.sup.7 and R.sup.7 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and wherein the compound of Formula I when subjected to GC-MS using electron ionization at greater than about 70 eV produces at least one ion having a mass-to-charge ratio of from 300 to 600.

A composition comprising a fuel and at least one compound characterized by Formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein X is carbon, oxygen, or sulfur; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, or a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.3 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.4 each independently are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, or a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.5 and R.sup.5 each independently are a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 alkyl; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; and R.sup.7 and R.sup.7 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and wherein the compound of Formula I when subjected to GC-MS using electron ionization at greater than about 70 eV produces at least one ion having a mass-to-charge ratio of from 300 to 600.

A composition comprising a fuel and at least one compound characterized by Formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein X is carbon, oxygen, or sulfur; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, or a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.3 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.4 each independently are hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, or a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl; R.sup.5 and R.sup.5 each independently are a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 alkyl; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; and R.sup.7 and R.sup.7 each independently are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and wherein the compound of Formula I when subjected to GC-MS using electron ionization at greater than about 70 eV produces at least one ion having a mass-to-charge ratio of from 300 to 600.