A method of making an organic salt comprising: reacting a polyphenol with a base and optionally a dihaloaromatic compound. The polyphenol is resveratrol; dihydroresveratrol; 4,4-(but-2-ene-1,4-diyl)bis-2-methoxyphenol; 4,4-(1,4-butane-diyl)bis-2-methoxyphenol; 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyindane; 4,4-(ethane-1,1-diyl)diphenol; 5,5-methylenebis(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol); 4,4-methylenebis(5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol); 4,4-(1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl)bisphenol; or 5,5-(ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol. The dihaloaromatic compound if present comprises a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, or a phosphoryl group. There is a molar excess of the hydroxy groups of the polyphenol relative to halo groups of the dihaloaromatic compound if present. The corresponding phthalonitrile monomers and thermosets made from the organic salts are disclosed.

A method of making an organic salt comprising: reacting a polyphenol with a base and optionally a dihaloaromatic compound. The polyphenol is resveratrol; dihydroresveratrol; 4,4-(but-2-ene-1,4-diyl)bis-2-methoxyphenol; 4,4-(1,4-butane-diyl)bis-2-methoxyphenol; 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyindane; 4,4-(ethane-1,1-diyl)diphenol; 5,5-methylenebis(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol); 4,4-methylenebis(5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol); 4,4-(1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl)bisphenol; or 5,5-(ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol. The dihaloaromatic compound if present comprises a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, or a phosphoryl group. There is a molar excess of the hydroxy groups of the polyphenol relative to halo groups of the dihaloaromatic compound if present. The corresponding phthalonitrile monomers and thermosets made from the organic salts are disclosed.

A method of making an organic salt comprising: reacting a polyphenol with a base and optionally a dihaloaromatic compound. The polyphenol is resveratrol; dihydroresveratrol; 4,4-(but-2-ene-1,4-diyl)bis-2-methoxyphenol; 4,4-(1,4-butane-diyl)bis-2-methoxyphenol; 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyindane; 4,4-(ethane-1,1-diyl)diphenol; 5,5-methylenebis(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol); 4,4-methylenebis(5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol); 4,4-(1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl)bisphenol; or 5,5-(ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol. The dihaloaromatic compound if present comprises a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, or a phosphoryl group. There is a molar excess of the hydroxy groups of the polyphenol relative to halo groups of the dihaloaromatic compound if present. The corresponding phthalonitrile monomers and thermosets made from the organic salts are disclosed.

A resin comprising a unit of Chemical Formula 1, a method for preparing the same, a resin composition comprising the same, and a molded article comprising the resin composition are described:

##STR00001##

wherein all variables are described herein.

A resin comprising a unit of Chemical Formula 1, a method for preparing the same, a resin composition comprising the same, and a molded article comprising the resin composition are described:

##STR00001##

wherein all variables are described herein.

The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

A compound is provided according to structure 4, (4) wherein n has a value from 0 to 48 and Z is hydroxyl or a benzene ring bearing substituents R.sub.11-R.sub.15, wherein R.sub.1-R.sub.15 are each individually selected from the group consisting of H, allyl, alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, halide, hydroxyl, glycidyl, (meth)acryloyl, 3-(meth)acryloyl-2-hydroxy-1-propoxy, 2,3-epoxypropyl, maleate, and structure (a) wherein at least one of R.sub.1-R.sub.5, at least one of R.sub.6-R.sub.10, and at least one of R.sub.11-R.sub.15 is hydroxyl or an ether or ester derived from it.

##STR00001##

A compound is provided according to structure 4, (4) wherein n has a value from 0 to 48 and Z is hydroxyl or a benzene ring bearing substituents R.sub.11-R.sub.15, wherein R.sub.1-R.sub.15 are each individually selected from the group consisting of H, allyl, alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, halide, hydroxyl, glycidyl, (meth)acryloyl, 3-(meth)acryloyl-2-hydroxy-1-propoxy, 2,3-epoxypropyl, maleate, and structure (a) wherein at least one of R.sub.1-R.sub.5, at least one of R.sub.6-R.sub.10, and at least one of R.sub.11-R.sub.15 is hydroxyl or an ether or ester derived from it.

##STR00001##

The invention provides a process to separate levulinic acid from a biomass hydrolysate said process comprising extraction using as an organic solvent a substituted benzene comprising (i) at least one OR.sub.1 group wherein R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3; and (ii) at least one C.sub.1-3 alkyl group, wherein each of the at least one OR.sub.1 group is ortho positioned to at least one C.sub.1-3 alkyl group. Using said substituted benzene as extraction solvent gives good extraction efficiency, the extraction can advantageously be carried out at elevated temperature, and is very suitable for subsequent distillation steps.