A functionalized magnetic nanoparticle including an organometallic sandwich compound and a magnetic metal oxide. The functionalized magnetic nanoparticle may be reacted with a metal precursor to form in a catalyst for various CC bond forming reactions. The catalyst may be recovered with ease by attracting the catalyst with a magnet.

A heat exchanger system can be used for removal or introduction of heat from or into a chemical reactor in which a chemical reaction is proceeding. The system further provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor and a process for performing a chemical reaction, in each case using a heat exchanger system with a thermally insulated inner tube.

The present invention provides methods for making propanal in a reaction comprising the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) and oxygen as a reactant stream in a gas phase reaction, preferably in the presence of water or steam, to form ethylene, ethane, carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), water and syngas (CO and H.sub.2) in a first reactor as an ethylene stream, and then forming propanal in a second reactor by feeding to the second reactor the ethylene stream with the syngas from the first reactor in the gas phase and hydroformylating in the presence of a catalyst for a water shift reaction. In the method, the ratio of H.sub.2 to CO in the syngas is maintained by either co-feeding steam into the first reactor or the second reactor to generate additional H.sub.2 in the syngas, or by forming CO in the second reactor from the water shift reaction by feeding the CO.sub.2 from the ethylene stream into the second reactor.

A composition of matter comprising a) at least one compound of formula

##STR00001## in the form of any one of its isomers or a mixture thereof; wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-2 alkyl group; and R represents a group of formula CH.sub.2C(Me).sub.2OH; with R being, relative to position 1, a meta, a para substituent of the aromatic ring or a mixture thereof; and b) at least one compound of formula

##STR00002## in the form of any one of its isomers or a mixture thereof; wherein R.sup.1 and R have the same meaning as defined in formula (I);
their uses as perfuming ingredients as well as perfuming composition and consumer products including such a composition of matter and a process to prepare the composition.

A method for preparing an aldehyde including forming a reaction product including an aldehyde by reacting an olefin-based compound with a synthetic gas in a hydroformylation reactor in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst; introducing the reaction product including the aldehyde to a vaporizer; separating low-boiling point components of the reaction product from an upper part of a vaporizer catch pot included in the vaporizer; separating high-boiling point components of the reaction product from a lower part of the vaporizer catch pot; and recirculating at least a portion of the low-boiling point components separated from an upper part of the vaporizer catch pot back to the vaporizer.

A functionalized magnetic nanoparticle including an organometallic sandwich compound and a magnetic metal oxide. The functionalized magnetic nanoparticle may be reacted with a metal precursor to form a catalyst for various CC bond forming reactions. The catalyst may be recovered with ease by attracting the catalyst with a magnet.

A functionalized magnetic nanoparticle including an organometallic sandwich compound and a magnetic metal oxide. The functionalized magnetic nanoparticle may be reacted with a metal precursor to form a catalyst for various CC bond forming reactions. The catalyst may be recovered with ease by attracting the catalyst with a magnet.

Recycled content oxo products are produced using a process and system that applies physical and/or credit-based recycled content from one or more feed materials to the oxo products produced from the feed materials.

A process for hydroformylating short-chain olefins, especially C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins can be performed in at least one reactor in which the catalyst system is in heterogenized form on a support. The support is composed of a porous ceramic material, and the process steps a) to c) are conducted when the process is shut down.

Processes to prepare lightly branched surfactant products comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. The surfactant products comprise a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.5 branches, wherein more than 50% of the branches are ethyl branches, wherein the branches are located more than one carbon away from each end of the main carbon chain in more than 20% of surfactant product molecules