A polysubstituted benzene compound, preparation method thereof, and method of using the same. The compound has a formula I or I′, where X represents carbon, sulfur, or oxygen; R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1-16 alkyl, C.sub.2-16 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-10 alkynyl; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-16 alkyl, C.sub.2-16 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-10 alkynyl; or an aryl group or a substituted aryl group by 1-5 groups selected from halogen, C.sub.1-26 alkyl, C.sub.1-3 halogenated alkyl, O—C.sub.1-3 alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano group, aldehyde group and ester group; or a heteroaryl group or a substituted heteroaryl group by 1-5 groups selected from halogen, C.sub.1-26 alkyl, C.sub.1-3 halogenated alkyl, O—C.sub.1-3 alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano group, aldehyde group and ester group; the heteroaryl group is a 3-10-membered heteroaryl group including N, S, O, or a combination thereof.

A formulation includes an active agent, a thickening/solidifying agent, and an antioxidant. The active agent is 9-cis-β-carotene (9CBC) or a derivative thereof of the following formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sub.2 is H or methyl; X is

##STR00002##

optionally substituted with one or more methyl groups; n is an integer of 0-16; and the asterisk represents the point of attachment to the cyclohexene ring.

A formulation includes an active agent, a thickening/solidifying agent, and an antioxidant. The active agent is 9-cis-β-carotene (9CBC) or a derivative thereof of the following formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sub.2 is H or methyl; X is

##STR00002##

optionally substituted with one or more methyl groups; n is an integer of 0-16; and the asterisk represents the point of attachment to the cyclohexene ring.

The present invention relates to a method for total chemical synthesis of 9-cis-β-carotene (9CBC), and further provides stable formulations thereof.

The present invention relates to a method for total chemical synthesis of 9-cis-β-carotene (9CBC), and further provides stable formulations thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of glycolaldehyde by thermolytic fragmentation of a carbohydrate feedstock comprising mono- and/or di-saccharide(s) and a system suitable for performing the process. The process and the system are suitable for industrial application, and the process may be performed in a continuous process.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of glycolaldehyde by thermolytic fragmentation of a carbohydrate feedstock comprising mono- and/or di-saccharide(s) and a system suitable for performing the process. The process and the system are suitable for industrial application, and the process may be performed in a continuous process.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of glycolaldehyde by thermolytic fragmentation of a carbohydrate feedstock comprising mono- and/or di-saccharide(s) and a system suitable for performing the process. The process and the system are suitable for industrial application, and the process may be performed in a continuous process.

A process for large scale and energy efficient production of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor comprising a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles which are separated from the reaction product and directed to a reheater comprising a resistance heating system.

A process for large scale and energy efficient production of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor comprising a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles which are separated from the reaction product and directed to a reheater comprising a resistance heating system.