The invention relates to bimesogenic compounds of formula I

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wherein R.sup.11, R.sup.12, MG.sup.11, MG.sup.12 and CG.sup.1 have the meaning given in claim 1, to the use of bimesogenic compounds of formula I in liquid crystal media and particular to flexoelectric liquid crystal devices comprising a liquid crystal medium according to the present invention.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

A process for preparation of 3-Trifluoromethyl acetophenone oxime of formula I includes reacting an isomeric mixture of halo benzotrifluoride with Mg metal in an organic solvent in presence of a catalyst to obtain a Grignard complex. The Grignard complex is reacted with a ketene in hydrocarbon solvent in presence of transition metal ligand-acid complex to obtain an isomeric mixture of trifluoromethyl acetophenone. Finally, the isomeric mixture of trifluoromethyl acetophenone is reacted with hydroxylamine salt to obtain compound of formula I.

A process for preparation of 3-Trifluoromethyl acetophenone oxime of formula I includes reacting an isomeric mixture of halo benzotrifluoride with Mg metal in an organic solvent in presence of a catalyst to obtain a Grignard complex. The Grignard complex is reacted with a ketene in hydrocarbon solvent in presence of transition metal ligand-acid complex to obtain an isomeric mixture of trifluoromethyl acetophenone. Finally, the isomeric mixture of trifluoromethyl acetophenone is reacted with hydroxylamine salt to obtain compound of formula I.

A process for preparation of 3-Trifluoromethyl acetophenone oxime of formula I includes reacting an isomeric mixture of halo benzotrifluoride with Mg metal in an organic solvent in presence of a catalyst to obtain a Grignard complex. The Grignard complex is reacted with a ketene in hydrocarbon solvent in presence of transition metal ligand-acid complex to obtain an isomeric mixture of trifluoromethyl acetophenone. Finally, the isomeric mixture of trifluoromethyl acetophenone is reacted with hydroxylamine salt to obtain compound of formula I.

The invention discloses a method for preparations of fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Pd catalyzed fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloroalkyl halides in the presence of di(1-adamantyl)-adamantyl-n-butylphosphine and in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine 1-oxyl.

The invention discloses a method for preparations of fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Pd catalyzed fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloroalkyl halides in the presence of di(1-adamantyl)-adamantyl-n-butylphosphine and in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine 1-oxyl.

The invention discloses a method for preparations of fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Pd catalyzed fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloroalkyl halides in the presence of di(1-adamantyl)-adamantyl-n-butylphosphine and in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine 1-oxyl.