A process of forming compounds of formula I ##STR00001##
comprising the steps of addition of an amino compound H.sub.2NR to a compound of formula (II) ##STR00002##
followed by cyclization, isomerization and hydrolysis.

The present application relates to compounds and methods for reducing the severity of convulsant activity or epileptic seizures, or for the treatment of chronic or acute pain.

The present application relates to compounds and methods for reducing the severity of convulsant activity or epileptic seizures, or for the treatment of chronic or acute pain.

A process of forming compounds of formula I

##STR00001##

comprising the steps of addition of an amino compound H.sub.2NR to a compound of formula (II)

##STR00002##

followed by cyclization, isomerization and hydrolysis.

A process of forming compounds of formula I

##STR00001##

comprising the steps of addition of an amino compound H.sub.2NR to a compound of formula (II)

##STR00002##

followed by cyclization, isomerization and hydrolysis.

A process of forming compounds of formula I

##STR00001##

comprising the steps of addition of an amino compound H.sub.2NR to a compound of formula (II)

##STR00002##

followed by cyclization, isomerization and hydrolysis.

The present invention relates to a method for producing an ?-aryl substituted carbonyl compound (e.g., an ?-aryl substituted cyclic ketone) from a carbonyl compound (e.g., a cyclic ketone) using an aryl halide or a heteroaryl halide and a photocatalyst (e.g., acridinium, helicenium, angulenium, or a combination thereof) in the presence of an amine compound. The method of the present invention is particularly useful in producing an ?-aryl substituted carbonyl compound (e.g., an ?-aryl substituted cyclic ketone) from an unactivated carbonyl compound (e.g., an unactivated cyclic ketone).

The present invention relates to a method for producing an ?-aryl substituted carbonyl compound (e.g., an ?-aryl substituted cyclic ketone) from a carbonyl compound (e.g., a cyclic ketone) using an aryl halide or a heteroaryl halide and a photocatalyst (e.g., acridinium, helicenium, angulenium, or a combination thereof) in the presence of an amine compound. The method of the present invention is particularly useful in producing an ?-aryl substituted carbonyl compound (e.g., an ?-aryl substituted cyclic ketone) from an unactivated carbonyl compound (e.g., an unactivated cyclic ketone).

Compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, X, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Y.sub.3, Y.sub.4 and are as defined in the description. Medicinal products containing the same which are useful in treating conditions requiring anti-apoptotic inhibitors.

A nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprising a cyclobutenedione derivative represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents an organic group having a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond in its structure, and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a thioalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thioaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.