In some embodiments, the compositions and methods relate to compounds isolated from plants in the Salviniaceae family, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of using the same.

In some embodiments, the compositions and methods relate to compounds isolated from plants in the Salviniaceae family, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of using the same.

A complex of formula (I) wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from R.sub.2C, R.sub.2CCR.sub.2, R.sub.2Si, R.sub.2SiSiR.sub.2, R.sub.2Ge, wherein each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20-hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R groups taken together can form a ring; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, OC.sub.1-hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.5 is a OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R.sup.5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6 are each independently a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 and R.sup.1 are independently CH.sub.2R.sup.x wherein R.sup.x are each independently H, or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.

##STR00001##

A complex of formula (I) wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from R.sub.2C, R.sub.2CCR.sub.2, R.sub.2Si, R.sub.2SiSiR.sub.2, R.sub.2Ge, wherein each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20-hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R groups taken together can form a ring; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, OC.sub.1-hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.5 is a OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R.sup.5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6 are each independently a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 and R.sup.1 are independently CH.sub.2R.sup.x wherein R.sup.x are each independently H, or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.

##STR00001##

In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein is versatile polyene cyclization strategy that exploits conjugated ?-ionyl derivatives. Photomediated disruption of the extended ?-system within these chromophores unveils a contra-thermodynamic polyene that engages in a Heck-type cyclization to afford [4.4.1]-propellanes. The connectivity of overbred polycycles generated from this process is controlled by the position of the requisite C-Halide bond. Thus, compared to conventional biomimetic polyene cyclization, this approach allows for complete control of regiochemistry and facilitates incorporation of both electron-rich and electron-deficient (hetero)aryl groups. This strategy was successfully applied to the total synthesis of abietanes such as, for example, taxodione and salviasperanol, two isomeric abietane-type diterpenes that previously could not be prepared along the same synthetic pathway.

In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein is versatile polyene cyclization strategy that exploits conjugated ?-ionyl derivatives. Photomediated disruption of the extended ?-system within these chromophores unveils a contra-thermodynamic polyene that engages in a Heck-type cyclization to afford [4.4.1]-propellanes. The connectivity of overbred polycycles generated from this process is controlled by the position of the requisite C-Halide bond. Thus, compared to conventional biomimetic polyene cyclization, this approach allows for complete control of regiochemistry and facilitates incorporation of both electron-rich and electron-deficient (hetero)aryl groups. This strategy was successfully applied to the total synthesis of abietanes such as, for example, taxodione and salviasperanol, two isomeric abietane-type diterpenes that previously could not be prepared along the same synthetic pathway.

The present disclosure provides processes for the preparation of a compound of formula:

##STR00001##

which is useful as an antiviral agent. The disclosure also provides compounds that are synthetic intermediates.

The present disclosure provides processes for the preparation of a compound of formula:

##STR00001##

which is useful as an antiviral agent. The disclosure also provides compounds that are synthetic intermediates.

A phenalene-1-one compound, a photosensitizer composition including the phenalene-1-one compound, an article including the phenalene-1-one compound and/or photosensitizer composition and the use thereof.

A phenalene-1-one compound, a photosensitizer composition including the phenalene-1-one compound, an article including the phenalene-1-one compound and/or photosensitizer composition and the use thereof.