A solid-supported catalyst ligand which chelates palladium (II) species to form a complex that functions as a heterogeneous catalyst that is stable and can be recycled without significantly losing any catalytic activity in a variety of chemical transformations, a method for producing the solid-supported catalyst ligand and a method for catalyzing a palladium cross-coupling reaction, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura, Mizoroki-Heck, and Sonagashira reactions.

A solid-supported catalyst ligand which chelates palladium (II) species to form a complex that functions as a heterogeneous catalyst that is stable and can be recycled without significantly losing any catalytic activity in a variety of chemical transformations, a method for producing the solid-supported catalyst ligand and a method for catalyzing a palladium cross-coupling reaction, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura, Mizoroki-Heck, and Sonagashira reactions.

A solid-supported catalyst ligand which chelates palladium (II) species to form a complex that functions as a heterogeneous catalyst that is stable and can be recycled without significantly losing any catalytic activity in a variety of chemical transformations, a method for producing the solid-supported catalyst ligand and a method for catalyzing a palladium cross-coupling reaction, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura, Mizoroki-Heck, and Sonagashira reactions.

A solid-supported catalyst ligand which chelates palladium (II) species to form a complex that functions as a heterogeneous catalyst that is stable and can be recycled without significantly losing any catalytic activity in a variety of chemical transformations, a method for producing the solid-supported catalyst ligand and a method for catalyzing a palladium cross-coupling reaction, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura, Mizoroki-Heck, and Sonagashira reactions.

A solid-supported catalyst ligand which chelates palladium (II) species to form a complex that functions as a heterogeneous catalyst that is stable and can be recycled without significantly losing any catalytic activity in a variety of chemical transformations, a method for producing the solid-supported catalyst ligand and a method for catalyzing a palladium cross-coupling reaction, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura, Mizoroki-Heck, and Sonagashira reactions.

Provided is an organic electroluminescence device provided with a light absorber represented by Formula 1 below, and a light absorbing layer including the same. In Formula 1, Ar is pyrene, chrysene, or anthracene, and Y is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and X is represented by any one of Formula 2-1 to 2-3 below.

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The present invention discloses a process for preparing perhydrofluorene or alkyl-substituted perhydrofluorene, comprising the steps of: (1) reacting a phenolic compound or an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or an aromatic ketone compound or an aromatic ether compound with a benzyl compound to carry out an alkylation reaction in the presence of a first catalyst, thereby to produce substituted or unsubstituted diphenyl methane, wherein the first catalyst is an acidic catalyst; and (2) reacting the substituted or unsubstituted diphenyl methane with hydrogen gas to carry out an hydrogenation reaction or a hydrodeoxygenation reaction, thereby to produce perhydrofluorene or alkyl-substituted perhydrofluorene, wherein the second catalyst is a physical mixture of a metal catalyst and an acidic catalyst or a metal catalyst loaded on an acidic catalyst.

The present invention discloses a process for preparing perhydrofluorene or alkyl-substituted perhydrofluorene, comprising the steps of: (1) reacting a phenolic compound or an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or an aromatic ketone compound or an aromatic ether compound with a benzyl compound to carry out an alkylation reaction in the presence of a first catalyst, thereby to produce substituted or unsubstituted diphenyl methane, wherein the first catalyst is an acidic catalyst; and (2) reacting the substituted or unsubstituted diphenyl methane with hydrogen gas to carry out an hydrogenation reaction or a hydrodeoxygenation reaction, thereby to produce perhydrofluorene or alkyl-substituted perhydrofluorene, wherein the second catalyst is a physical mixture of a metal catalyst and an acidic catalyst or a metal catalyst loaded on an acidic catalyst.

An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer comprises an emission layer and a fluorescent compound, wherein the fluorescent compound comprises a .sup.3n-*-to-.sup.1-* energy transition from a .sup.3n-* excited state to a .sup.1-* excited state, an energy level in a .sup.1n-* excited state of the fluorescent compound is greater than an energy level in the .sup.1-* excited state of the fluorescent compound, the fluorescent compound emits a fluorescent light by radiative energy transition of an exciton in the .sup.1-* excited state to a ground state, and the energy level in the .sup.1n-* excited state, the energy level in the .sup.1-* excited state, and the energy level in the .sup.3n-* excited state are each independently calculated by using a time dependent-Density Functional Theory method.

An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer comprises an emission layer and a fluorescent compound, wherein the fluorescent compound comprises a .sup.3n-*-to-.sup.1-* energy transition from a .sup.3n-* excited state to a .sup.1-* excited state, an energy level in a .sup.1n-* excited state of the fluorescent compound is greater than an energy level in the .sup.1-* excited state of the fluorescent compound, the fluorescent compound emits a fluorescent light by radiative energy transition of an exciton in the .sup.1-* excited state to a ground state, and the energy level in the .sup.1n-* excited state, the energy level in the .sup.1-* excited state, and the energy level in the .sup.3n-* excited state are each independently calculated by using a time dependent-Density Functional Theory method.