Novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and methods for their pharmaceutical use are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the compounds are agonists and/or ligands of cannabinoid receptors and may be useful, inter alia, for treating and/or preventing pain, gastrointestinal disorders, genitourinary disorders, inflammation, glaucoma, auto-immune diseases, ischemic conditions, immune-related disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, for providing cardioprotection against ischemic and reperfusion effects, for inducing apoptosis in malignant cells, and as an appetite stimulant.

Applications of a diphenylpropenone compound of general formula (I), or a stereoisomer thereof, or a geometric isomer thereof, or a tautomer thereof, or a solvate thereof, or a salt acceptable for feed in the preparation of an animal feed additive or animal feed. Confirmed by animal breeding test, the diphenylpropenone compound, or the stereoisomer thereof, or the geometric isomer thereof, or the tautomer thereof, or the solvate thereof, or the salt acceptable for the feed can be used as the animal feed additive or the animal feed. Animal weight can be effectively increased, survival rates can be enhanced, and the compound has a good effect of improving animal production performance.

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The present disclosure relates to a compound and a preparation method and application thereof, the compound having a chemical structure formula of:

##STR00001##

wherein M in the formula is selected from a group consisting of CF.sub.3 or CF.sub.2H, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from a group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl. The compound provided by the present disclosure can be used as a trifluoroethanolation reagent or difluoroethanolation reagent as synthetic intermediates of many organic compounds, and some of the compounds have pharmaceutical activity. The preparation steps of such compounds are simplified, with mild synthesis conditions and wide applicability of substrates.

The present disclosure relates to a compound and a preparation method and application thereof, the compound having a chemical structure formula of:

##STR00001##

wherein M in the formula is selected from a group consisting of CF.sub.3 or CF.sub.2H, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from a group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl. The compound provided by the present disclosure can be used as a trifluoroethanolation reagent or difluoroethanolation reagent as synthetic intermediates of many organic compounds, and some of the compounds have pharmaceutical activity. The preparation steps of such compounds are simplified, with mild synthesis conditions and wide applicability of substrates.

The present application describes process for preparing an ortho-allylated hydroxy aryl compounds such as compounds of Formula (I) by reacting an allylic alcohol with a hydroxy aryl compound in the presence of aluminum compound selected from alumina and aluminum alkoxides and in a non-protic solvent wherein at least one carbon atom ortho to the hydroxy group in the hydroxy aryl compound is unsubstituted. The present application also includes compounds of Formula (I).

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The present invention discloses a method for preparing aldehydes or ketones via aerobic oxidation of alcohols with the copper salts and nitroxide radicals as catalysts. Both oxygen and air could be used as oxidants, after 4 to 48 hours of reaction in an organic solvent at room temperature, the alcohols are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The present invention has the following advantages: easy to operate, refraining from using chlorides which are corrosive to equipment, readily available raw materials and reagents, mils reaction conditions, the broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, convenient purification, environmentally friendly and no pollution. Thus, the method is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing aldehydes or ketones via aerobic oxidation of alcohols with the copper salts and nitroxide radicals as catalysts. Both oxygen and air could be used as oxidants, after 4 to 48 hours of reaction in an organic solvent at room temperature, the alcohols are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The present invention has the following advantages: easy to operate, refraining from using chlorides which are corrosive to equipment, readily available raw materials and reagents, mils reaction conditions, the broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, convenient purification, environmentally friendly and no pollution. Thus, the method is suitable for industrial production.

The disclosure provides therapeutic compositions (i.e., therapeutic agents) and methods of preventing or treating Friedreich's ataxia in a mammalian subject, reducing risk factors, signs and/or symptoms associated with Friedreich's ataxia (e.g., Complex I deficiency), and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of Friedreich's ataxia. The disclosure further provides novel intermediates for the production of said therapeutic compositions and related reduced versions of said therapeutic compositions, which reduce forms may also be used as therapeutic agents (or prodrugs of the therapeutic agent(s)).

The disclosure provides therapeutic compositions (i.e., therapeutic agents) and methods of preventing or treating Friedreich's ataxia in a mammalian subject, reducing risk factors, signs and/or symptoms associated with Friedreich's ataxia (e.g., Complex I deficiency), and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of Friedreich's ataxia. The disclosure further provides novel intermediates for the production of said therapeutic compositions and related reduced versions of said therapeutic compositions, which reduce forms may also be used as therapeutic agents (or prodrugs of the therapeutic agent(s)).

A method for preparing 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxy-3-(2″-hydroxy-3″-methylbutyl-3″-alkenyl)chalcone includes the following steps: subjecting a Morus alba leaf to extraction with an aqueous solution of methanol or ethanol having a volume fraction of 40%-100%, concentrating an extract to remove methanol or ethanol and dissolving in water, subjecting to extraction with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate successively, and concentrating an ethyl acetate extract to obtain a paste; chromatographing the paste over a silica gel column using chloroform-methanol, collecting an eluate where the volume ratio of chloroform-methanol is 95/5; chromatographing the eluate over a reversed-phase column using methanol-water, collecting an eluate where the volume ratio of methanol-water is 60/40, and thereby the compound is obtained.