The subject of the present invention is a process for synthesizing bifunctional hydrocarbon-based compounds from biomass, comprising a step of fermentation of the biomass and a step of oxidation of the intermediate compounds resulting from the fermentation step.

Various processes for preparing aldaric acids, aldonic acids, uronic acids, and/or lactone(s) thereof are described. For example, processes for preparing a C.sub.5-C.sub.6 aldaric acid and/or lactone(s) thereof by the catalytic oxidation of a C.sub.5-C.sub.6 aldonic acid and/or lactone(s) thereof and/or a C.sub.5-C.sub.6 aldose are described.

Various processes for preparing aldaric acids, aldonic acids, uronic acids, and/or lactone(s) thereof are described. For example, processes for preparing a C.sub.5-C.sub.6 aldaric acid and/or lactone(s) thereof by the catalytic oxidation of a C.sub.5-C.sub.6 aldonic acid and/or lactone(s) thereof and/or a C.sub.5-C.sub.6 aldose are described.

A process of oxidizing an alcohol for the production of its corresponding carbonyl compounds is disclosed, wherein the oxidation is performed with oxygen or gases containing oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least a gold compound and a copper compound. Said alcohol oxidation by gaseous oxidant can achieve a high yield and selectivity with minimized degradation products or waste organic solvents.

Processes for separating a di-carboxylic acid or salt thereof from a mixture containing the di-carboxylic acid or salt thereof and one or more other components are provided. Also separation media useful for these separation processes is provided. In particular, processes for preparing an aldaric acid are described, such as glucaric acid from glucose, which includes separating the aldaric acid from the reaction product. Also, various glucaric acid products are described.

Processes for separating a di-carboxylic acid or salt thereof from a mixture containing the di-carboxylic acid or salt thereof and one or more other components are provided. Also separation media useful for these separation processes is provided. In particular, processes for preparing an aldaric acid are described, such as glucaric acid from glucose, which includes separating the aldaric acid from the reaction product. Also, various glucaric acid products are described.

Processes for separating a di-carboxylic acid or salt thereof from a mixture containing the di-carboxylic acid or salt thereof and one or more other components are provided. Also separation media useful for these separation processes is provided. In particular, processes for preparing an aldaric acid are described, such as glucaric acid from glucose, which includes separating the aldaric acid from the reaction product. Also, various glucaric acid products are described.

The invention relates to a method for the catalytic generation of formic acid at an oxygen partial pressure below 1 bar and regeneration of the catalyst used therefor.

The invention relates to a method for the catalytic generation of formic acid at an oxygen partial pressure below 1 bar and regeneration of the catalyst used therefor.

Provided is a method for producing isobutylene with a high selectivity by a dehydration reaction of isobutanol. There are provided a method for producing isobutylene by dehydration of isobutanol, in which the dehydration of isobutanol is performed in a state where at least one of an organic acid and an organic acid ester is present in a reaction system, and methods for producing methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate from the obtained isobutylene.