The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane, the process comprising providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof, reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25 C. to about 400 C. to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide, and reacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200 C. to about 600 C. to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane.

The present invention concerns a process and intermediates for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride. The invention further concerns a process for the manufacture of an agrochemically or pharmaceutically active compound, which comprises the process and intermediate for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride or its intermediate.

The present invention concerns a process and intermediates for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride. The invention further concerns a process for the manufacture of an agrochemically or pharmaceutically active compound, which comprises the process and intermediate for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride or its intermediate.

The present disclosure provides azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions including trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) and trifluoroacetyl chloride (CF.sub.3COCl), and a method of forming an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition comprising the step of combining trifluoroacetyl chloride (CF.sub.3COCl) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition.

The present disclosure provides azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions including trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) and trifluoroacetyl chloride (CF.sub.3COCl), and a method of forming an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition comprising the step of combining trifluoroacetyl chloride (CF.sub.3COCl) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition.

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane, the process comprising providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof, reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25 C. to about 400 C. to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide, and reacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200 C. to about 600 C. to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane.

The present disclosure provides a process for producing trifluoroiodomethane, the process comprising providing a reactant stream comprising hydrogen iodide and at least one trifluoroacetyl halide selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl fluoride, trifluoroacetyl bromide, and combinations thereof, reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a first catalyst at a first reaction temperature from about 25 C. to about 400 C. to produce an intermediate product stream comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide, and reacting the intermediate product stream in the presence of a second catalyst at a second reaction temperature from about 200 C. to about 600 C. to produce a final product stream comprising the trifluoroiodomethane.

A method of producing trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) includes providing a feedstock comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide (TFAI), passing the feedstock through at least one column charged with carbonaceous materials to remove hydrogen iodide (HI), hydrogen triiodide (HI.sub.3) and iodine (I.sub.2) from the feedstock, and providing the feedstock to a reactor to produce a trifluoroiodomethane product stream. Another method of producing trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) includes providing a feedstock comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide (TFAI) to a reactor to produce a trifluoroiodomethane product stream, and passing the trifluoroiodomethane product stream from the reactor through at least one column charged with carbonaceous materials to remove hydrogen iodide (HI), hydrogen triiodide (HI3) and iodine (I2) from the trifluoroiodomethane product stream.

A method of producing trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) includes providing a feedstock comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide (TFAI), passing the feedstock through at least one column charged with carbonaceous materials to remove hydrogen iodide (HI), hydrogen triiodide (HI.sub.3) and iodine (I.sub.2) from the feedstock, and providing the feedstock to a reactor to produce a trifluoroiodomethane product stream. Another method of producing trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) includes providing a feedstock comprising trifluoroacetyl iodide (TFAI) to a reactor to produce a trifluoroiodomethane product stream, and passing the trifluoroiodomethane product stream from the reactor through at least one column charged with carbonaceous materials to remove hydrogen iodide (HI), hydrogen triiodide (HI3) and iodine (I2) from the trifluoroiodomethane product stream.

Disclosed herein are nanoparticles suitable for use in vaccines. The nanoparticles present antigens from pathogens surrounded to and associated with a detergent core resulting in enhanced stability and good immunogenicity. Dosages, formulations, and methods for preparing the vaccines and nanoparticles are also disclosed.