In one aspect, the invention provides compounds of Formula I, and salts, hydrates and isomers thereof. In another aspect, the invention provides a method of promoting bone formation in a subject in need thereof by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, Formula II, or Formula III. The present invention also provides orthopedic and periodontal devices, as well as methods for the treatment of renal disease and cancer, using a compound of Formula I, Formula II, or Formula III. ##STR00001##

The present application pertains to methods for making metal oxides and/or citric acid. In one embodiment, the application pertains to a process for producing calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, or both from a material comprising calcium and magnesium. The process may include reacting a material comprising calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Separating, concentrating, and calcining may lead to the production of oxides such as calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. In other embodiments the application pertains to methods for producing an alkaline-earth oxide and a carboxylic acid from an alkaline earth cation—carboxylic acid anion salt. Such processes may include, for example, reacting an alkaline-earth cation—carboxylic acid anion salt with aqueous sulfur dioxide to produce aqueous alkaline-earth—bisulfite and aqueous carboxylic acid solution. Other useful steps may include desorbing, separating, and/or calcining.

The present application pertains to methods for making metal oxides and/or citric acid. In one embodiment, the application pertains to a process for producing calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, or both from a material comprising calcium and magnesium. The process may include reacting a material comprising calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Separating, concentrating, and calcining may lead to the production of oxides such as calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. In other embodiments the application pertains to methods for producing an alkaline-earth oxide and a carboxylic acid from an alkaline earth cation—carboxylic acid anion salt. Such processes may include, for example, reacting an alkaline-earth cation—carboxylic acid anion salt with aqueous sulfur dioxide to produce aqueous alkaline-earth—bisulfite and aqueous carboxylic acid solution. Other useful steps may include desorbing, separating, and/or calcining.

Method are provided for obtaining ferric citrate that includes the step(s) of reacting ferric chloride with a suitable base to obtain ferric hydroxide; reacting the ferric hydroxide with citric acid to obtain ferric citrate; and processing the ferric citrate to obtain ferric citrate. The resulting ferric citrate has a specific surface area greater than 16 sq. m/g, but less than 20 sq. m/g.

Method are provided for obtaining ferric citrate that includes the step(s) of reacting ferric chloride with a suitable base to obtain ferric hydroxide; reacting the ferric hydroxide with citric acid to obtain ferric citrate; and processing the ferric citrate to obtain ferric citrate. The resulting ferric citrate has a specific surface area greater than 16 sq. m/g, but less than 20 sq. m/g.

A magnesium citrate glycinate co-salt has a formula of Mg.sub.2C.sub.8H.sub.9NO.sub.9—XH.sub.2O and a suggested structure of: ##STR00001## The magnesium citrate glycinate co-salt has an apparent density of 1740 kg/m.sup.3 and is compressible in a range of compression pressures from approximately 50 MPa to approximately 150 MPa. The magnesium citrate glycinate co-salt is formed by combining citric acid and glycine in a 1:1 molar ratio to form an aqueous reaction mixture and neutralizing the aqueous reaction mixture with a magnesium source having a magnesium:ligand ratio of 1:1.

A magnesium citrate glycinate co-salt has a formula of Mg.sub.2C.sub.8H.sub.9NO.sub.9—XH.sub.2O and a suggested structure of: ##STR00001## The magnesium citrate glycinate co-salt has an apparent density of 1740 kg/m.sup.3 and is compressible in a range of compression pressures from approximately 50 MPa to approximately 150 MPa. The magnesium citrate glycinate co-salt is formed by combining citric acid and glycine in a 1:1 molar ratio to form an aqueous reaction mixture and neutralizing the aqueous reaction mixture with a magnesium source having a magnesium:ligand ratio of 1:1.

The present invention discloses pharmaceutical-grade ferric organic compounds, including ferric citrate, which are soluble over a wider range of pH, and which have a large active surface area. A manufacturing and quality control process for making a pharmaceutical-grade ferric citrate that consistently complies with the established Manufacture Release Specification is also disclosed. The pharmaceutical-grade ferric organic compounds are suitable for treating disorders characterized by elevated serum phosphate levels.

The present invention discloses pharmaceutical-grade ferric organic compounds, including ferric citrate, which are soluble over a wider range of pH, and which have a large active surface area. A manufacturing and quality control process for making a pharmaceutical-grade ferric citrate that consistently complies with the established Manufacture Release Specification is also disclosed. The pharmaceutical-grade ferric organic compounds are suitable for treating disorders characterized by elevated serum phosphate levels.

The present invention discloses pharmaceutical-grade ferric organic compounds, including ferric citrate, which are soluble over a wider range of pH, and which have a large active surface area. A manufacturing and quality control process for making a pharmaceutical-grade ferric citrate that consistently complies with the established Manufacture Release Specification is also disclosed. The pharmaceutical-grade ferric organic compounds are suitable for treating disorders characterized by elevated serum phosphate levels.