The present application pertains to methods for making metal oxides and/or citric acid and/or capturing carbon dioxide. In one embodiment, the application pertains to a process for producing calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, or both from a material comprising calcium and magnesium. The process may include reacting a material comprising calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Separating, concentrating, and calcining may lead to the production of oxides such as calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. In other embodiments the application pertains to methods for producing an alkaline-earth oxide and a carboxylic acid from an alkaline earth cation-carboxylic acid anion salt. Such processes may include, for example, reacting an alkaline-earth cation-carboxylic acid anion salt with aqueous sulfur dioxide to produce aqueous alkaline-earth sulfite or bisulfite and an aqueous carboxylic acid solution. Other useful steps may include desorbing, separating, and/or calcining.

The present application pertains to methods for making metal oxides and/or citric acid and/or capturing carbon dioxide. In one embodiment, the application pertains to a process for producing calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, or both from a material comprising calcium and magnesium. The process may include reacting a material comprising calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Separating, concentrating, and calcining may lead to the production of oxides such as calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. In other embodiments the application pertains to methods for producing an alkaline-earth oxide and a carboxylic acid from an alkaline earth cation-carboxylic acid anion salt. Such processes may include, for example, reacting an alkaline-earth cation-carboxylic acid anion salt with aqueous sulfur dioxide to produce aqueous alkaline-earth sulfite or bisulfite and an aqueous carboxylic acid solution. Other useful steps may include desorbing, separating, and/or calcining.

Disclosed is a novel process for the synthesis of tofacitinib citrate on an industrial scale with high yields and purity starting with cis-(1-benzyl-4-methyl-piperidin-3-yl)methylamine bis-hydrochloride racemate (intermediate VIII), which comprises: 1. Condensation between intermediates VII and VIII to give intermediate VI 2. Hydrogenation of intermediate VI to give intermediate V 3. Resolution of intermediate V to give intermediate IV with enantiomeric purity >99% 4. Release of intermediate IV in a basic medium to give intermediate III 5. N-acylation reaction of intermediate III to give II (tofacitinib) 6. Salification of intermediate II to give tofacitinib monocitrate (I) ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

Disclosed is a novel process for the synthesis of tofacitinib citrate on an industrial scale with high yields and purity starting with cis-(1-benzyl-4-methyl-piperidin-3-yl)methylamine bis-hydrochloride racemate (intermediate VIII), which comprises: 1. Condensation between intermediates VII and VIII to give intermediate VI 2. Hydrogenation of intermediate VI to give intermediate V 3. Resolution of intermediate V to give intermediate IV with enantiomeric purity >99% 4. Release of intermediate IV in a basic medium to give intermediate III 5. N-acylation reaction of intermediate III to give II (tofacitinib) 6. Salification of intermediate II to give tofacitinib monocitrate (I) ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

Provided are solid forms of a compound useful for treating cancer, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of treating cancer comprising administering the solid forms described herein to a patient in need thereof.

Citric acid is purified to remove metal ions through a two-step filtration process. A first filter is used to perform a first filtration, then a second filter is used to perform a second filtration on citric acid solution that has been subject to the first filtration. The first and second filters can include the same filter membrane material. The filter used as the first filter can be a relatively dirtier, more loaded filter compared to the filter used as the second filter. The first filtration can be performed over four hours of recirculating the citric acid solution through the first filter, and the second filtration can be performed over approximately two and one half hours of recirculating the citric acid solution through the second filter. Such a purification process can remove calcium and magnesium ions to render citric acid suitable as a cleaning solution in semiconductor processing.

Citric acid is purified to remove metal ions through a two-step filtration process. A first filter is used to perform a first filtration, then a second filter is used to perform a second filtration on citric acid solution that has been subject to the first filtration. The first and second filters can include the same filter membrane material. The filter used as the first filter can be a relatively dirtier, more loaded filter compared to the filter used as the second filter. The first filtration can be performed over four hours of recirculating the citric acid solution through the first filter, and the second filtration can be performed over approximately two and one half hours of recirculating the citric acid solution through the second filter. Such a purification process can remove calcium and magnesium ions to render citric acid suitable as a cleaning solution in semiconductor processing.

The present invention refers to new solid forms of Enclomiphene citrate and Enclomiphene base, processes for preparing thereof and uses.

The present invention refers to new solid forms of Enclomiphene citrate and Enclomiphene base, processes for preparing thereof and uses.

The present invention refers to new solid forms of Enclomiphene citrate and Enclomiphene base, processes for preparing thereof and uses.