The present invention relates to the stereospecific synthesis of (R)-5-((E)-2-pyrrolidin-3-ylvinyl)pyrimidine, its salt forms, and novel polymorphic forms of these salts.

Bromocriptine citrate administered to a vertebrate, animal or human, can be used for any purpose including, e.g., the long-term modification and regulation of metabolic disorders, including prediabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or, e.g., the treatment of other medical disorder(s) including immune or endocrine disorders or diseases. Bromocriptine citrate is administered over a limited or extended period at a time of day dependent on re-establishing the normal circadian rhythm of central dopaminergic activity of healthy members of a similar species and sex. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, T2DM, prediabetes, MS or all, can be controlled in humans on a long term basis by such treatment inasmuch as the daily administration of bromocriptine citrate resets neuronal activity timing in the neural centers of the brain to produce long term effects.

Bromocriptine citrate administered to a vertebrate, animal or human, can be used for any purpose including, e.g., the long-term modification and regulation of metabolic disorders, including prediabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or, e.g., the treatment of other medical disorder(s) including immune or endocrine disorders or diseases. Bromocriptine citrate is administered over a limited or extended period at a time of day dependent on re-establishing the normal circadian rhythm of central dopaminergic activity of healthy members of a similar species and sex. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, T2DM, prediabetes, MS or all, can be controlled in humans on a long term basis by such treatment inasmuch as the daily administration of bromocriptine citrate resets neuronal activity timing in the neural centers of the brain to produce long term effects.

Salts of hexylamine, for example, hexylamine succinate and tri-hexylamine citrate and their method of production are described. The disclosure also relates to compositions comprising hexyalmine, for example, for reducing appetite in a human subject, treating obesity in a human subject, preventing obesity in a human subject, preventing weight gain in a human subject, increasing fat loss in a human subject, treating an overweight human subject, increasing athletic performance in a human subject, increasing endurance in a human subject, increasing muscle strength in a human subject, improving cognitive function in a human subject, treating ADHD in a human subject, increasing sweating in a human subject, reducing reaction time of a human subject, increasing psychomotor vigilance of a human subject, enhancing memory in a human subject, increasing central nervous system activity in a human subject, and enhancing alertness, attention, concentration, and/or memory in a human subject.

Salts of hexylamine, for example, hexylamine succinate and tri-hexylamine citrate and their method of production are described. The disclosure also relates to compositions comprising hexyalmine, for example, for reducing appetite in a human subject, treating obesity in a human subject, preventing obesity in a human subject, preventing weight gain in a human subject, increasing fat loss in a human subject, treating an overweight human subject, increasing athletic performance in a human subject, increasing endurance in a human subject, increasing muscle strength in a human subject, improving cognitive function in a human subject, treating ADHD in a human subject, increasing sweating in a human subject, reducing reaction time of a human subject, increasing psychomotor vigilance of a human subject, enhancing memory in a human subject, increasing central nervous system activity in a human subject, and enhancing alertness, attention, concentration, and/or memory in a human subject.

Hydroxycitric acid-metal heterocyclic compounds with covalent characteristics are provided. The subject hydroxycitric acid compounds include monomeric hydroxycitric acid (HCA) compounds having a divalent metal, lactone forms thereof, and dimeric compound forms thereof. The monomeric HCA compound includes a divalent metal (X) bonded via a 5-membered ring to both the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of the central C2 carbon of the HCA. In addition, a monovalent metal (Y) can also be bonded to the carboxylic acid of C3 or C1, or to both C1 and C3. The subject dimeric compounds include monomeric HCA compounds linked via a second divalent metal (X) to a carboxylic acid group of each HCA unit at C3 or C1. Also provided are compositions including a monomeric HCA compound and one or more other additional compounds. Methods of alleviating at least one symptom associated with a target disease or condition in a subject are provided.

Hydroxycitric acid-metal heterocyclic compounds with covalent characteristics are provided. The subject hydroxycitric acid compounds include monomeric hydroxycitric acid (HCA) compounds having a divalent metal, lactone forms thereof, and dimeric compound forms thereof. The monomeric HCA compound includes a divalent metal (X) bonded via a 5-membered ring to both the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of the central C2 carbon of the HCA. In addition, a monovalent metal (Y) can also be bonded to the carboxylic acid of C3 or C1, or to both C1 and C3. The subject dimeric compounds include monomeric HCA compounds linked via a second divalent metal (X) to a carboxylic acid group of each HCA unit at C3 or C1. Also provided are compositions including a monomeric HCA compound and one or more other additional compounds. Methods of alleviating at least one symptom associated with a target disease or condition in a subject are provided.

The present application pertains to methods for making alkali hydroxide, or alkali carbonates, or alkali bicarbonates, or alkaline—earth sulfates. In one embodiment, a material comprising an alkaline earth is converted to an alkaline earth sulfite or bisulfite and reacted with an alkali sulfate to form an alkaline earth sulfate and alkali sulfite or bisulfite. The alkali sulfite or bisulfite is converted into an alkali hydroxide, or an alkali carbonate, or an alkali bicarbonate. In another embodiment, ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate is reacted with an alkali sulfate, to form ammonium sulfate and an alkali carbonate or alkali bicarbonate. A material comprising an alkaline earth is converted to an alkaline earth sulfite or bisulfite and reacted with the ammonium sulfate to form an alkaline earth sulfate and ammonium sulfite or ammonium bisulfite. The ammonium sulfite or bisulfite is regenerated into ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide, or ammonium carbonate, or ammonium bicarbonate.

The present application pertains to methods for making alkali hydroxide, or alkali carbonates, or alkali bicarbonates, or alkaline—earth sulfates. In one embodiment, a material comprising an alkaline earth is converted to an alkaline earth sulfite or bisulfite and reacted with an alkali sulfate to form an alkaline earth sulfate and alkali sulfite or bisulfite. The alkali sulfite or bisulfite is converted into an alkali hydroxide, or an alkali carbonate, or an alkali bicarbonate. In another embodiment, ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate is reacted with an alkali sulfate, to form ammonium sulfate and an alkali carbonate or alkali bicarbonate. A material comprising an alkaline earth is converted to an alkaline earth sulfite or bisulfite and reacted with the ammonium sulfate to form an alkaline earth sulfate and ammonium sulfite or ammonium bisulfite. The ammonium sulfite or bisulfite is regenerated into ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide, or ammonium carbonate, or ammonium bicarbonate.

The present invention relates to solriamfetol or novel salts thereof and its process for preparation. More particularly the present invention relates to solriamfetol dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid salt or solriamfetol di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid salt and their process for preparation. Further the present invention relates to use of solriamfetol dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid salt or solriamfetol di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid salt for the preparation of solriamfetol hydrochloride.