This present invention relates to an improved process to prepare prostacyclin derivatives. One embodiment provides for an improved process to convert benzindene triol to treprostinil via salts of treprostinil and to purify treprostinil.

Provided is a method of producing various 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid derivatives in high yields with no need to load a raw material in a large excess for improving a reaction conversion ratio, and without use of a catalyst having high toxicity or a strong acid catalyst. Also provided are powder compounds that may be utilized as raw materials for synthesizing various chemical products. A method of producing a 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid derivative includes causing the powder of a salt of a 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid anion and an alkali metal cation (component A), and a halide (component B) to react with each other to produce a 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid derivative. The 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid alkali metal salt powder is the powder of a salt of a 2-((meth)allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid anion and an alkali metal cation, and has a bulk density of 0.50 g/mL or more, or a water content of 0.05 wt % or less.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of crude oil from subterranean, oil-bearing formations comprising at least the following steps of providing an aqueous surfactant composition comprising water and a surfactant mixture, injecting said surfactant composition into the subterranean, oil-bearing formation through at least one injection well, thereby reducing the crude oil-water interfacial tension to less than 0.1 mN/m, and withdrawing crude oil from the formation through at least one production well, wherein the surfactant mixture comprises at least a surfactant (A) having the general formula R.sup.1O(CH.sub.2CH(R.sup.2)O)a-(CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)O).sub.b (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.cR.sup.3Y.sup. M.sup.+ (I) and a solubility enhancer (B) having the general formula R.sup.4O(CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)O).sub.x(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.yR.sup.3Y.sup. M.sup.+ (II), wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, a, b, c, x, y, Y and M have the meaning as defined the the description and claims. The invention further relates to said aqueous surfactant composition and methods for preparing the same as well as the use of solubility enhancer (B) for enhancing the solubility of anionic surfactant (A).

The present invention relates to a method for the production of crude oil from subterranean, oil-bearing formations comprising at least the following steps of providing an aqueous surfactant composition comprising water and a surfactant mixture, injecting said surfactant composition into the subterranean, oil-bearing formation through at least one injection well, thereby reducing the crude oil-water interfacial tension to less than 0.1 mN/m, and withdrawing crude oil from the formation through at least one production well, wherein the surfactant mixture comprises at least a surfactant (A) having the general formula R.sup.1O(CH.sub.2CH(R.sup.2)O)a-(CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)O).sub.b (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.cR.sup.3Y.sup. M.sup.+ (I) and a solubility enhancer (B) having the general formula R.sup.4O(CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)O).sub.x(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.yR.sup.3Y.sup. M.sup.+ (II), wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, a, b, c, x, y, Y and M have the meaning as defined the the description and claims. The invention further relates to said aqueous surfactant composition and methods for preparing the same as well as the use of solubility enhancer (B) for enhancing the solubility of anionic surfactant (A).

The present disclosure provides a bifunctional linker for coupling at least one functional moiety, preferably a bis-allyl propionic acid (BAPA), to a polymer-containing matrix. Also disclosed by the present disclosure are anhydrides of the bifunctional linker, processes for preparing the bifunctional linker and such anhydride, as well as surfaces, such as cellulose containing matrices, coupled with the bifunctional linker, at times, the latter carrying a functional agent.

The present disclosure provides a bifunctional linker for coupling at least one functional moiety, preferably a bis-allyl propionic acid (BAPA), to a polymer-containing matrix. Also disclosed by the present disclosure are anhydrides of the bifunctional linker, processes for preparing the bifunctional linker and such anhydride, as well as surfaces, such as cellulose containing matrices, coupled with the bifunctional linker, at times, the latter carrying a functional agent.

This present invention relates to an improved process to prepare prostacyclin derivatives. One embodiment provides for an improved process to convert benzindene triol to treprostinil via salts of treprostinil and to purify treprostinil.

This present invention relates to an improved process to prepare prostacyclin derivatives. One embodiment provides for an improved process to convert benzindene triol to treprostinil via salts of treprostinil and to purify treprostinil.

An aerosol-generating system is provided, including a nicotine source; and a delivery enhancing compound source, which includes a reaction product of one or both of: (i) an alpha-keto carboxylic acid and a compound of formula (I) ##STR00001## where R.sup.1 is selected from alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl, and (ii) an alpha-hydroxy acid and a compound of formula (II) ##STR00002## where X is a halogen and R.sup.2 is selected from H, alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl.

An aerosol-generating system is provided, including a nicotine source; and a delivery enhancing compound source, which includes a reaction product of one or both of: (i) an alpha-keto carboxylic acid and a compound of formula (I) ##STR00001## where R.sup.1 is selected from alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl, and (ii) an alpha-hydroxy acid and a compound of formula (II) ##STR00002## where X is a halogen and R.sup.2 is selected from H, alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl.