The present invention discloses recyclable polymeric catalyst of Formula I, for chlorination of organic acids and alcohols using chlorinating agents such as carbonyl chloride, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride,

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wherein, ‘m’ on the pendent groups on polystyrene backbone can have values from 1 to 5 and R is the alkyl group ranging from C1 to C5.

Processes for producing 2,5-dichlorophenol and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid are described. Various processes for isomerizing 2,4-dichlorophenol over a zeolite catalyst to form 2,5-dichlorophenol are provided. Processes for preparing 2,5-dichlorophenol including hydroxylating 1,4-dichlorobenzene are also described. The present invention also relates to processes for producing 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid.

Processes for producing 2,5-dichlorophenol and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid are described. Various processes for isomerizing 2,4-dichlorophenol over a zeolite catalyst to form 2,5-dichlorophenol are provided. Processes for preparing 2,5-dichlorophenol including hydroxylating 1,4-dichlorobenzene are also described. The present invention also relates to processes for producing 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid.

The invention relates to an organic ammonium salt of formula (I), wherein the symbols have the following meanings: A- is an anionic pesticide, R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1C.sub.4-alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OH; R is H, CH.sub.3 or two adjacent radicals R together form a group —C(R′)— and R′ is equal to or different from H or CH.sub.3, wherein said salt is suitable for reducing the volatility of active substances in the spray application of anionic pesticides.

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The invention relates to an organic ammonium salt of formula (I), wherein the symbols have the following meanings: A- is an anionic pesticide, R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1C.sub.4-alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OH; R is H, CH.sub.3 or two adjacent radicals R together form a group —C(R′)— and R′ is equal to or different from H or CH.sub.3, wherein said salt is suitable for reducing the volatility of active substances in the spray application of anionic pesticides.

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A process for a reactive separation of organic molecules from biomass includes a reaction step for the biomass, a simultaneous extraction step using a solvent, and a filtration step to recover products, wherein the products comprise ferulic acid and/or coumaric acid. The products are extracted from the biomass in a pressurized stirred batch reactor using a liquid extraction solvent and a base in which the ferulate and the coumarate remain.

A process for a reactive separation of organic molecules from biomass includes a reaction step for the biomass, a simultaneous extraction step using a solvent, and a filtration step to recover products, wherein the products comprise ferulic acid and/or coumaric acid. The products are extracted from the biomass in a pressurized stirred batch reactor using a liquid extraction solvent and a base in which the ferulate and the coumarate remain.

Compounds derived from biomass, e.g., cellulose and lignins, methods of forming such compounds and polymers and products formed using such compounds.

Compounds derived from biomass, e.g., cellulose and lignins, methods of forming such compounds and polymers and products formed using such compounds.

Method for extracting ferulic acid and/or its salts from a previously conditioned source rich in ferulic acid and its salts which comprises adsorbing the ferulic acid and/or its salts on a column packed with synthetic resin, desorbing the ferulic acid and/or its salts using an organic solvent, separating the liquor rich in ferulic acid into two fractions according to their water content, separately concentrating the two liquor fractions, mixing and concentrating said fractions, adding 2 volumes of water to them, concentrating the mixture obtained, separating out the insoluble impurities by sedimentation, pre-crystallizing the ferulic acid and/or its salts with a synthetic purification resin, crystallizing out the ferulic acid and/or its salts, separating the ferulic acid and/or its salts from the crystallization mother liquors and drying it and screening it.