The present application provides novel tetrahydro-isohumulone (THIAA) derivatives and substantially enantiomerically pure compositions and pharmaceutical formulations thereof. The application further provides methods of using the disclosed compounds and compositions to activate PPAR, inhibit inflammation, and treat conditions associated with inflammation and conditions responsive to PPAR modulation such as diabetes.

The present application provides novel tetrahydro-isohumulone (THIAA) derivatives and substantially enantiomerically pure compositions and pharmaceutical formulations thereof. The application further provides methods of using the disclosed compounds and compositions to activate PPAR, inhibit inflammation, and treat conditions associated with inflammation and conditions responsive to PPAR modulation such as diabetes.

A redox flow battery includes at least one aqueous electrolyte including the fermented compound

##STR00001##

and/or an ion, and/or a salt and/or a reduced form of the anthraquinone member of compound (I). X.sub.1-X.sub.8 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an ether group of formula O-A, a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon group including 1-10 carbon atoms, a OH group, a R.sub.1 group and a O-A-R.sub.1 group. A represents a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon group including from 1-10 carbon atoms. A represents a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon group including 1-10 carbon atoms. R.sub.1 represents COOH, SO.sub.3H, or a salt thereof. One to three of X.sub.1-X.sub.8 is OH. Exactly one of X.sub.1-X.sub.8 is O-A-R.sub.1. A method for generating electricity with such compounds is also described.

A redox flow battery includes at least one aqueous electrolyte including the fermented compound

##STR00001##

and/or an ion, and/or a salt and/or a reduced form of the anthraquinone member of compound (I). X.sub.1-X.sub.8 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an ether group of formula O-A, a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon group including 1-10 carbon atoms, a OH group, a R.sub.1 group and a O-A-R.sub.1 group. A represents a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon group including from 1-10 carbon atoms. A represents a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon group including 1-10 carbon atoms. R.sub.1 represents COOH, SO.sub.3H, or a salt thereof. One to three of X.sub.1-X.sub.8 is OH. Exactly one of X.sub.1-X.sub.8 is O-A-R.sub.1. A method for generating electricity with such compounds is also described.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all of the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are GPR120 G protein-coupled receptor modulators which may be used as medicaments. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all of the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are GPR120 G protein-coupled receptor modulators which may be used as medicaments. ##STR00001##

Provided herein are small molecule active metabotropic glutamate subtype-2 and -3 receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMS), compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions comprising the compounds.

Provided herein are small molecule active metabotropic glutamate subtype-2 and -3 receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMS), compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions comprising the compounds.

New plant growth regulators, including compounds and compositions, and methods of use including for promoting root growth. The compounds are carotenoid oxidation products, and a preferred example is 3-OH--apo-13-Carotenone. A method comprising promoting the growth of at least one plant with use of an effective amount of at least one composition comprising an effective amount of at least one compound which is represented by A-B-C, wherein B is a bivalent polyene moiety, A is a monovalent moiety linked to B by a six-membered carbon ring, wherein the ring has at least one substituent linked to the ring by an oxygen atom, and C is a monovalent moiety linked to B by a carbonyl group. Synergistic effects can be used with combinations of compounds.

New plant growth regulators, including compounds and compositions, and methods of use including for promoting root growth. The compounds are carotenoid oxidation products, and a preferred example is 3-OH--apo-13-Carotenone. A method comprising promoting the growth of at least one plant with use of an effective amount of at least one composition comprising an effective amount of at least one compound which is represented by A-B-C, wherein B is a bivalent polyene moiety, A is a monovalent moiety linked to B by a six-membered carbon ring, wherein the ring has at least one substituent linked to the ring by an oxygen atom, and C is a monovalent moiety linked to B by a carbonyl group. Synergistic effects can be used with combinations of compounds.