The present invention provides a process for the production of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid comprising the catalytic oxidation of a hydrocarbon precursor in an organic solvent, comprising the steps of: i) separating a vent gas from an oxidation stage into an organic solvent-rich liquid stream and a water-rich vapour stream in a distillation stage; and ii) separating an aqueous purific ation mother liquor comprising organic compounds from purified aromatic dicarboxylic acid crystals in a separation stage, characterised in that the process further comprises the steps of: iii) transferring the aqueous purification mother liquor from the separation stage to an extraction stage; iv) extracting said organic compounds from the aqueous purification mother liquor by contacting the aqueous purification mother liquor at a temperature of at least 90° C. with an organic liquid in the extraction stage to form an aqueous phase and an organic phase, wherein the concentration of said organic compounds in the aqueous phase is lower than the concentra tion of said organic compounds in the aqueous purification mother liquor; and v) transferring the aqueous phase to said distillation stage. The present invention further provides an apparatus for carrying out the process.

The present invention provides a process for the production of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid comprising the catalytic oxidation of a hydrocarbon precursor in an organic solvent, comprising the steps of: i) separating a vent gas from an oxidation stage into an organic solvent-rich liquid stream and a water-rich vapour stream in a distillation stage; and ii) separating an aqueous purific ation mother liquor comprising organic compounds from purified aromatic dicarboxylic acid crystals in a separation stage, characterised in that the process further comprises the steps of: iii) transferring the aqueous purification mother liquor from the separation stage to an extraction stage; iv) extracting said organic compounds from the aqueous purification mother liquor by contacting the aqueous purification mother liquor at a temperature of at least 90° C. with an organic liquid in the extraction stage to form an aqueous phase and an organic phase, wherein the concentration of said organic compounds in the aqueous phase is lower than the concentra tion of said organic compounds in the aqueous purification mother liquor; and v) transferring the aqueous phase to said distillation stage. The present invention further provides an apparatus for carrying out the process.

The present disclosure provides a composition for preparing terephthalic acid; said composition comprises p-Toluic acid in an amount of 0.05% to 4% with respect to the total mass of the composition; at least one catalyst in an amount of 0.02% to 2.5% with respect to the total mass of the composition; at least one ionic liquid in an amount of 0.04% to 50% with respect to the total mass of the composition; at least one carboxylic acid solvent; and p-xylene. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing terephthalic acid.

The present disclosure provides a composition for preparing terephthalic acid; said composition comprises p-Toluic acid in an amount of 0.05% to 4% with respect to the total mass of the composition; at least one catalyst in an amount of 0.02% to 2.5% with respect to the total mass of the composition; at least one ionic liquid in an amount of 0.04% to 50% with respect to the total mass of the composition; at least one carboxylic acid solvent; and p-xylene. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing terephthalic acid.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (IW-1) and to their use in treating or preventing an inflammatory disease or a disease associated with an undesirable immune response: wherein R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C and R.sup.D are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to compounds of formula (IW-1) and to their use in treating or preventing an inflammatory disease or a disease associated with an undesirable immune response: wherein R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C and R.sup.D are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a process for producing a compound represented by formula (I), comprising the steps of (a) reacting a compound represented by formula (II) with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of an alkali carbonate in a aqueous ketone solvent to obtain the compound represented by formula (I) as a crystalline material, and (b) washing the crystalline material with heated water at 30 to 100° C. and then further washing with an organic solvent at 30 to 80° C.

A process for manufacturing a purified aromatic carboxylic acid is provided. The process comprises purifying a crude aromatic carboxylic acid in a purification zone to form a purified aromatic carboxylic acid; crystallizing a purified aromatic carboxylic acid in a crystallization zone to form a solid/liquid mixture comprising purified aromatic carboxylic acid solids; filtering the solid/liquid mixture through a filter member of a rotary pressure filter apparatus to form a filter cake comprising the purified aromatic carboxylic acid solids; removing the filter cake from the filter member; rinsing the filter member to produce a filter rinse product, wherein the filter rinse product comprises purified aromatic carboxylic acid; and directing at least a portion of the filter rinse product downstream of the purification zone for recycle to the rotary pressure filter apparatus.

A process for manufacturing a purified aromatic carboxylic acid is provided. The process comprises purifying a crude aromatic carboxylic acid in a purification zone to form a purified aromatic carboxylic acid; crystallizing a purified aromatic carboxylic acid in a crystallization zone to form a solid/liquid mixture comprising purified aromatic carboxylic acid solids; filtering the solid/liquid mixture through a filter member of a rotary pressure filter apparatus to form a filter cake comprising the purified aromatic carboxylic acid solids; removing the filter cake from the filter member; rinsing the filter member to produce a filter rinse product, wherein the filter rinse product comprises purified aromatic carboxylic acid; and directing at least a portion of the filter rinse product downstream of the purification zone for recycle to the rotary pressure filter apparatus.

Processes for manufacturing purified aromatic carboxylic acids include: generating high-pressure steam from boiler feed water supplied to a boiler, the boiler producing a flue gas; removing a portion of the flue gas from the boiler and pre-heating the boiler feed water with removed flue gas and/or pre heating at least a portion of the boiler feed water prior to its introduction into the boiler with a first portion of the high-pressure steam; heating a crude aromatic carboxylic acid in a heating zone using the high-pressure steam, whereby the high pressure steam is condensed in the heating zone to form a high-pressure condensate; and purifying the crude aromatic carboxylic acid to form a purified aromatic carboxylic acid; wherein the boiler feed water comprises at least a portion of the high-pressure condensate.