The present invention relates to a carbon sorbent the can selectively remove platinum-group metals and other heavy metals such as tin without co-removing organic synthesis products including pharmaceutical intermediates and finished Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). The carbon sorbents of the present invention are made from low-cost, high purity starting materials and the resulting carbon sorbents are also very pure. The carbon sorbents possess a combination of certain nitrogen and phosphorous groups combined with mesoporosity (2 to 50 nm diameter pores) that proves the high metal adsorption.

The present invention relates to a carbon sorbent the can selectively remove platinum-group metals and other heavy metals such as tin without co-removing organic synthesis products including pharmaceutical intermediates and finished Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). The carbon sorbents of the present invention are made from low-cost, high purity starting materials and the resulting carbon sorbents are also very pure. The carbon sorbents possess a combination of certain nitrogen and phosphorous groups combined with mesoporosity (2 to 50 nm diameter pores) that proves the high metal adsorption.

Provided are methods for the production of isophthalic acid (IP A) and derivatives thereof. The methods are based on the addition of beta propiolactone to furfural or a derivative thereof. Provided are cost effective routes to biobased IP A and derivatives thereof, including terephthalic acid.

Provided are methods for the production of isophthalic acid (IP A) and derivatives thereof. The methods are based on the addition of beta propiolactone to furfural or a derivative thereof. Provided are cost effective routes to biobased IP A and derivatives thereof, including terephthalic acid.

Provided are methods for the production of isophthalic acid (IP A) and derivatives thereof. The methods are based on the addition of beta propiolactone to furfural or a derivative thereof. Provided are cost effective routes to biobased IP A and derivatives thereof, including terephthalic acid.

Methods for the synthesis and use of functionalized, substituted naphthalenes are described. The functionalized, substituted naphthalenes display useful properties including liquid crystals and fluorescence properties, such as solvatochromatic fluorescence, with high quantum yields, Stoke's shift, and show emission maxima that are significantly red-shifted.

Methods for the synthesis and use of functionalized, substituted naphthalenes are described. The functionalized, substituted naphthalenes display useful properties including liquid crystals and fluorescence properties, such as solvatochromatic fluorescence, with high quantum yields, Stoke's shift, and show emission maxima that are significantly red-shifted.

The present invention provides a method for producing a high-purity carboxylic acid containing aryl ester that suppresses generation of oligomers and does not require a purification step with low productivity such as column chromatography and the like, and a method for producing cationic lipids. A method for producing an aryl ester-containing carboxylic acid (1), including the following steps: 1) a step of reacting a compound (7) using potassium tert-butoxide and tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of an aprotic solvent to obtain a compound (11), 2) a step of reacting the compound (11) with a compound (13) using a condensing agent to obtain a compound (12), and 3) a step of deprotecting the tert-butyl group of the compound (12) by using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, a combination of TMS-Cl and sodium iodide, or TMS-I in an organic solvent to obtain the compound (1) (A is phenyl having OC(O)R.sup.20 group, etc., and B is phenyl having hydroxy group, etc.).

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a method for producing a high-purity carboxylic acid containing aryl ester that suppresses generation of oligomers and does not require a purification step with low productivity such as column chromatography and the like, and a method for producing cationic lipids. A method for producing an aryl ester-containing carboxylic acid (1), including the following steps: 1) a step of reacting a compound (7) using potassium tert-butoxide and tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of an aprotic solvent to obtain a compound (11), 2) a step of reacting the compound (11) with a compound (13) using a condensing agent to obtain a compound (12), and 3) a step of deprotecting the tert-butyl group of the compound (12) by using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, a combination of TMS-Cl and sodium iodide, or TMS-I in an organic solvent to obtain the compound (1) (A is phenyl having OC(O)R.sup.20 group, etc., and B is phenyl having hydroxy group, etc.).

##STR00001##

A preparation method for a trans-cyclobutane-o-dicarboxylic acid ester and a derivative thereof includes the following steps: in an organic solvent, catalyzing a substrate with a structure as shown in a structural formula I by using organic alkali at 50-90 C. so as to generate isomerization, acquiring the trans-cyclobutane-o-dicarboxylic acid ester or the derivative thereof, herein the structural formula I is as follows: ##STR00001##
Each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently one of hydrogen or an alkyl of C.sub.1-C.sub.5, and each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is independently one of alkyl of C.sub.1-C.sub.10 and benzyl.