A plenoptic endoscope includes a fiber bundle with a distal end configured to receive light from a target imaging region, a sensor end disposed opposite the distal end, and a plurality of fiber optic strands each extending from the distal end to the sensor end. The plenoptic endoscope also includes an image sensor coupled to the sensor end of the fiber bundle, and a plurality of microlenses disposed between the image sensor and the sensor end of the fiber bundle, the plurality of microlens elements forming an array that receives light from one or more of the plurality of fiber optic strands of the fiber bundle and directs the light onto the image sensor. The plurality of microlens elements and the image sensor together form a plenoptic camera configured to capture information about a light field emanating from the target imaging region.

An optical unit includes a first lens, a second lens, and a holding member. The first lens is formed in a spherical segment having a first flat surface and a first convex spherical surface. The second lens is formed in a spherical segment having a second flat surface and a second convex spherical surface. A holding member has a first end portion that surrounds the first lens and a second end portion that surrounds the second lens. The holding member holds the first lens and the second lens with a frictional force such that the first convex spherical surface and the second convex spherical surface are adjacent to each other between the first end portion and the second end portion. The first end portion is located on the same surface as the first flat surface or closer to the second lens than the first flat surface. The second end portion is located on the same surface as the second flat surface or closer to the first lens than the second flat surface.

A catheter that comprises a catheter configured for housing at least a portion of a catheter configured for insertion into a body lumen in proximity of a targeted anatomical site and having an imager at a distal end thereof and an adjustable chamber configured for covering the imager. The catheter is configured for introducing a wave conductive medium to the adjustable chamber to increase wave conductivity between the targeted anatomical site and the imager.

An endoscopic probe comprises a flexible light guide extending from a proximal end of the endoscopic probe to a distal end portion of the endoscopic probe. A motor is disposed in the distal end portion of the endoscopic probe. The motor comprises a rotor coupled to drive rotation of a light deflector. The light deflector is located between the rotor and a distal end of the endoscopic probe. The rotor is configured to provide a light path extending axially through the rotor. The light path arranged to carry light between the light deflector and the light guide. The endoscopic probe may be applied for helical scanning walls of small passages in any of a wide range of modalities such as OCT, fluorescence imaging, Raman spectroscopy, reflectance imaging.

Fluorescent imaging systems for performing an endoscopic procedure, such as a retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure may include a first light source for emitting light in the visible spectrum, or light in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum, or both. A light source bandpass filter may block the emitted light in the visible spectrum, or in the NIR spectrum, or both. A first sensor may be capable of detecting the light in the visible spectrum, or the light in the NIR spectrum, or both. A sensor bandpass filter may block the detected light in the visible spectrum, or in the NIR spectrum, or both. The first or a second light source, or the first or a second sensor, or combinations thereof, may be removably disposed on a duodenoscope.

A surgical system comprises a manipulator arm, configured to secure to a base, and an actuator assembly. The actuator assembly includes an instrument mounting bracket and a plurality of actuator disks supported on a first end of the instrument mounting bracket. The surgical system also includes a surgical instrument including a plurality of interface disks supported on a face of the surgical instrument. The plurality of interface disks is configured to mate with the plurality of actuator disks. The instrument also includes an attachment mechanism configured to removably attach the surgical instrument to the actuator assembly and an instrument body tube extending from the face of the surgical instrument. The instrument body tube is capable of passing by or passing through the instrument mounting bracket when the surgical instrument is attached to the instrument mounting bracket.

A Raman endoscope for use in obtaining in vivo Raman spectra in the peripheral airways of the lungs and a method of constructing the Raman endoscope are disclosed. The endoscope has a tubular sheath containing a fiber bundle. The sheath has an outer diameter of less than 1.35 mm. The sheath is made of fluorinated ethylene propylene. The sheath is flexible along its length from a first end to a point along the sheath so that it can navigate sharp turns within the peripheral airways. A layer of coating covers the sheath along a terminal length and a probe tip of the fiber bundle. The terminal length extends along a length of the sheath extending from a second end opposite to the first end to the point. Terminal length is rigid to facilitate advancement of the endoscope towards the lesion of interest. Terminal length is 5 mm or less.

An optical device may include an optical fiber having a fixed end and a free end; a first actuator positioned at a actuator position between the fixed end and the free end and configured to apply a first force on the actuator position of the optical fiber such that a movement of the free end of the optical fiber in a first direction is caused, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber; and a deformable rod disposed adjacent to the optical fiber, and having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is connected to a first rod position of the optical fiber and the second end is connected to a second rod position of the optical fiber.

An imaging system, such as a surgical microscope, laparoscope, or endoscope or integrated with these devices, includes an illuminator providing patterned white light and/or fluorescent stimulus light. The system receives and images light hyperspectrally, in embodiments using a hyperspectral imaging array, and/or using narrowband tunable filters for passing filtered received light to an imager. Embodiments may construct a 3-D surface model from stereo images, and will estimate optical properties of the target using images taken in patterned light or using other approximations obtained from white light exposures. Hyperspectral images taken under stimulus light are displayed as fluorescent images, and corrected for optical properties of tissue to provide quantitative maps of fluorophore concentration. Spectral information from hyperspectral images is processed to provide depth of fluorophore below the tissue surface. Quantitative images of fluorescence at depth are also prepared. The images are displayed to a surgeon for use in surgery.

A probe of a target identification system can be extended via a first lumen of a viewing instrument, such as for illuminating an area beyond a distal end of the viewing instrument via an optical path of the viewing instrument. An optical response to the illumination of the area can be received via an optical path of the probe and can be split from other optical signals of the optical path. The optical response information can be used to identify characteristics of a target and to adjust parameters of a working instrument such as a working instrument contemporaneously using the probe.