The present invention relates to the use of an ether or an ester of a tertiary alkanol or of mixtures of two or more ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols or of a stereoisomer thereof or of a mixture of two or more stereoisomers thereof as aromachemicals; to the use thereof for modifying the scent character of a fragranced composition; to an aroma chemical composition containing an ether or an ester of tertiary alkanol or of mixtures of two or more ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols or of a stereoisomer thereof or of a mixture of two or more stereoisomers thereof; and to a method of preparing a fragranced composition or for modifying the scent character of a fragranced composition. The invention further relates to specific ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols.

The present invention relates to the use of an ether or an ester of a tertiary alkanol or of mixtures of two or more ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols or of a stereoisomer thereof or of a mixture of two or more stereoisomers thereof as aromachemicals; to the use thereof for modifying the scent character of a fragranced composition; to an aroma chemical composition containing an ether or an ester of tertiary alkanol or of mixtures of two or more ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols or of a stereoisomer thereof or of a mixture of two or more stereoisomers thereof; and to a method of preparing a fragranced composition or for modifying the scent character of a fragranced composition. The invention further relates to specific ethers or esters of tertiary alkanols.

It is provided a method of converting a carbonaceous material into syngas at a carbon conversion rate of at least 78% comprising gasifying the carbonaceous material in a fluidized bed reactor producing a crude syngas, classifying the crude syngas by particle size and density into a cut sizing device, introducing the classified particle crude syngas into a thermal reformer and reforming the classified crude syngas at a temperature above mineral melting point, producing the syngas.

It is provided a method of converting a carbonaceous material into syngas at a carbon conversion rate of at least 78% comprising gasifying the carbonaceous material in a fluidized bed reactor producing a crude syngas, classifying the crude syngas by particle size and density into a cut sizing device, introducing the classified particle crude syngas into a thermal reformer and reforming the classified crude syngas at a temperature above mineral melting point, producing the syngas.

It is provided a method of converting a carbonaceous material into syngas at a carbon conversion rate of at least 78% comprising gasifying the carbonaceous material in a fluidized bed reactor producing a crude syngas, classifying the crude syngas by particle size and density into a cut sizing device, introducing the classified particle crude syngas into a thermal reformer and reforming the classified crude syngas at a temperature above mineral melting point, producing the syngas.

Ru-catalysed domino hydroformylation/hydrogenation/esterification using imidazole ligands.

Ru-catalysed domino hydroformylation/hydrogenation/esterification using imidazole ligands.

Ru-catalysed domino hydroformylation/hydrogenation/esterification using phosphine ligands.

Ru-catalysed domino hydroformylation/hydrogenation/esterification using phosphine ligands.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.