The invention relates to a method for preparation of diesters from anhydrides of carboxylic acids.

Disclosed are hydroquinone compounds, preparation methods therefor, and uses thereof in anti-tumor or immunomodulation. The structural formula of the hydroquinone compounds are shown by formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein X is C═O or CH.sub.2; Y is NH, O or absent; R is: a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least one carbon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having at least three carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group or alkynyl group having at least two carbon atoms; and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or heteroaryl group containing at least four carbon atoms. The compounds provided slowly release 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol in vivo and maintain stable plasma concentration of 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (T1/2=12-24 h). The compounds provided by the present invention protect the phenolic hydroxyl group of 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, avoids environmental oxidation and increase the environmental stability of drugs containing the compounds.

Disclosed are hydroquinone compounds, preparation methods therefor, and uses thereof in anti-tumor or immunomodulation. The structural formula of the hydroquinone compounds are shown by formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein X is C═O or CH.sub.2; Y is NH, O or absent; R is: a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least one carbon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having at least three carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group or alkynyl group having at least two carbon atoms; and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or heteroaryl group containing at least four carbon atoms. The compounds provided slowly release 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol in vivo and maintain stable plasma concentration of 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (T1/2=12-24 h). The compounds provided by the present invention protect the phenolic hydroxyl group of 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, avoids environmental oxidation and increase the environmental stability of drugs containing the compounds.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium compound and a pyridine compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. Surprisingly, the compositions are very stable at ambient conditions to temperatures up to 80° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization when subject only to actinic radiation. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as 3D printing materials, coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium compound and a pyridine compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. Surprisingly, the compositions are very stable at ambient conditions to temperatures up to 80° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization when subject only to actinic radiation. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as 3D printing materials, coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

Provided is a novel compound having a selective activating effect on ERβ. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (1) wherein R.sup.1 represents a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a 5-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group, a 4- to 6-membered cyclic amino group, an alkanoylamino group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a 1-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl group, or a 1-methylpropyl group; R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkanoyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof.

##STR00001##

Provided is a novel compound having a selective activating effect on ERβ. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (1) wherein R.sup.1 represents a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a 5-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group, a 4- to 6-membered cyclic amino group, an alkanoylamino group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a 1-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl group, or a 1-methylpropyl group; R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkanoyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof.

##STR00001##

A method for producing a 1,3-bisacyloxy-2-methylenepropane represented by the following general formula (II), including reacting a carboxylic acid represented by the following general formula (I), isobutylene, and oxygen, in a liquid phase, in the presence of a catalyst containing a carrier having carried thereon palladium and a transition metal of Group 11 in the periodic table, and a catalyst activator.

##STR00001##

A method for producing a 1,3-bisacyloxy-2-methylenepropane represented by the following general formula (II), including reacting a carboxylic acid represented by the following general formula (I), isobutylene, and oxygen, in a liquid phase, in the presence of a catalyst containing a carrier having carried thereon palladium and a transition metal of Group 11 in the periodic table, and a catalyst activator.

##STR00001##

This disclosure relates to modulators of liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) and methods of managing disease and conditions related thereto. In certain embodiments, modulators are derivatives of hexahydropentalene. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to methods of treating or preventing cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease by administering an effective amount of a hexahydropentalene derivative disclosed herein.