There is described a method of preparing a compound of formula I, and optical isomers thereof; in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a protecting group; said method comprising oxidizing verbenone and optical isomers thereof. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a conversion method that is fed with a diol feedstock that comprises at least 90% by weight of diol and a carboxylic acid feedstock that comprises at least 80% by weight of carboxylic acid. The method comprising at least: An esterification step which is fed with at least the diol feedstock and at least the carboxylic acid feedstock, wherein the carboxylic acid/diol molar ratio at the inlet of the esterification step is between 2 and 6, the esterification step comprises at least one reactive distillation column that has a mixed reaction/separation zone located between two separation zones; and A water elimination step that is fed with distillate from the esterification step that comprises water and producing at least one water effluent.

The invention relates to a conversion method that is fed with a diol feedstock that comprises at least 90% by weight of diol and a carboxylic acid feedstock that comprises at least 80% by weight of carboxylic acid. The method comprising at least: An esterification step which is fed with at least the diol feedstock and at least the carboxylic acid feedstock, wherein the carboxylic acid/diol molar ratio at the inlet of the esterification step is between 2 and 6, the esterification step comprises at least one reactive distillation column that has a mixed reaction/separation zone located between two separation zones; and A water elimination step that is fed with distillate from the esterification step that comprises water and producing at least one water effluent.

The invention relates to a conversion method that is fed with a diol feedstock that comprises at least 90% by weight of diol and a carboxylic acid feedstock that comprises at least 80% by weight of carboxylic acid. The method comprising at least: An esterification step which is fed with at least the diol feedstock and at least the carboxylic acid feedstock, wherein the carboxylic acid/diol molar ratio at the inlet of the esterification step is between 2 and 6, the esterification step comprises at least one reactive distillation column that has a mixed reaction/separation zone located between two separation zones; and A water elimination step that is fed with distillate from the esterification step that comprises water and producing at least one water effluent.

Disclosed are methods of extracting and purifying capsinoids (e.g., capsiate, dihydrocapsiate) from Capsicum species fruit involving drying (e.g., freeze drying) the fruit to produce dried fruit and grinding the dried fruit to produce powdered fruit, extracting the powdered fruit at least once with a non-polar organic solvent (e.g., pentane, hexane, heptane, iso-octane, cyclohexane) to produce an organic solvent extract, subjecting the organic solvent extract at least once to liquid/liquid extraction (partitioning; no drying involved) using a polar solvent (e.g., acetonitrile, methanol) to form a capsinoid enriched polar solvent partition, and optionally purifying the capsinoid enriched polar solvent partition (e.g., via HPLC using acetonitrile as a carrier) to yield capsinoids. The non-polar organic solvent is not miscible with the polar solvent.

Disclosed are methods of extracting and purifying capsinoids (e.g., capsiate, dihydrocapsiate) from Capsicum species fruit involving drying (e.g., freeze drying) the fruit to produce dried fruit and grinding the dried fruit to produce powdered fruit, extracting the powdered fruit at least once with a non-polar organic solvent (e.g., pentane, hexane, heptane, iso-octane, cyclohexane) to produce an organic solvent extract, subjecting the organic solvent extract at least once to liquid/liquid extraction (partitioning; no drying involved) using a polar solvent (e.g., acetonitrile, methanol) to form a capsinoid enriched polar solvent partition, and optionally purifying the capsinoid enriched polar solvent partition (e.g., via HPLC using acetonitrile as a carrier) to yield capsinoids. The non-polar organic solvent is not miscible with the polar solvent.

The present disclosure provides methods for controlling the rate of ripening for agricultural produce. The present disclosure further provides coating compositions that can be applied to produce to control (e.g., lessen) the rate of ripening of the produce.

The present disclosure provides methods for controlling the rate of ripening for agricultural produce. The present disclosure further provides coating compositions that can be applied to produce to control (e.g., lessen) the rate of ripening of the produce.

An ester of beta-hydroxy butyrate or derivate esterfied with an amino acid or fatty acid used as an oral supplement.

The present disclosure provides treprostinil derivatives that can act as prodrugs of treprostinil. The treprostinil derivatives can be used to treat any conditions responsive to treatment with treprostinil, including pulmonary hypertension, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension.