Compounds, compositions, and methods related to bioenergetic metabolism are provided. The compounds and com positions are suited to promote bioenergetic processes including cellular respiration and glycolytic flux and may be used to treat mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), multiple sclerosis, and/or epilepsy.

Compounds, compositions, and methods related to bioenergetic metabolism are provided. The compounds and com positions are suited to promote bioenergetic processes including cellular respiration and glycolytic flux and may be used to treat mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), multiple sclerosis, and/or epilepsy.

This disclosure provides methods for the chemical modification of triglycerides that are highly enriched in specific fatty acids and subsequent use thereof for producing functionally versatile polymers.

This disclosure provides methods for the chemical modification of triglycerides that are highly enriched in specific fatty acids and subsequent use thereof for producing functionally versatile polymers.

Compounds of the formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1. Further-more, the present invention relates to agrochemical compositions which comprise compounds of formula (I), to preparation of these compositions, and to the use of the compounds or compositions in agriculture or horticulture for combating, preventing or controlling animal pests, including arthropods and in particular insects, molluscs, nematodes or representatives of the order Acarina.

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The invention relates to a method for producing polyglycerol esters of polycarboxylic acids esterified with oxobutanol, especially mono- or polyvalent polyglycerol esters of polycarboxylic acids esterified with 4-oxo-4-(C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkoxy)-2-butanol or with 4-oxo-4-(hydroxy-C.sub.3-C.sub.5-alkoxy)-2-butanol, as well as the products thus obtained and their use.

The invention relates to a method for producing polyglycerol esters of polycarboxylic acids esterified with oxobutanol, especially mono- or polyvalent polyglycerol esters of polycarboxylic acids esterified with 4-oxo-4-(C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkoxy)-2-butanol or with 4-oxo-4-(hydroxy-C.sub.3-C.sub.5-alkoxy)-2-butanol, as well as the products thus obtained and their use.

A method of making a magnesium salt of an alpha keto acid of the amino acid comprising valine, leucine, and/or isoleucine: 1) combining ingredients comprising: a calcium salt of an amino acid valine, leucine, or isoleucine; water; hydrochloric acid; and methyl tert-butyl ether; 2) stirring for about thirty minutes; 3) allowing the composition to settle into two layers, and collecting the top organic layer, and adding water and magnesium carbonate to the top organic layer; 4) heating the composition for one hour to 60-65° Celsius; 5) removing the solvent, cooling, and adding methyl-tert-butyl ether; 6) stirring the composition for one hour at 25-30° Celsius; 7) filtering, washing, drying under vacuum, and storing the composition as a powder; and 8) wherein the powder is a safe consumable low nitrogen product orally administered within a food, a beverage, or a tablet to treat kidney disease.

Systems and methods are disclosed for generation of hyperpolarized target compounds. Generation of a hyperpolarized target compound can include application of a sequence of microwave pulses to a solution containing the target compound or a precursor of the target compound; or modulation of a magnetic field applied to the solution. When the precursor is hyperpolarized, the precursor can be cleaved to generate the hyperpolarized target compound. The hyperpolarized target compound can then be induced to precipitate out of the solution. The precipitate can be redissolved in a specified volume of solvent to form a solution having a desired concentration of the hyperpolarized target compound.

Systems and methods are disclosed for generation of hyperpolarized target compounds. Generation of a hyperpolarized target compound can include application of a sequence of microwave pulses to a solution containing the target compound or a precursor of the target compound; or modulation of a magnetic field applied to the solution. When the precursor is hyperpolarized, the precursor can be cleaved to generate the hyperpolarized target compound. The hyperpolarized target compound can then be induced to precipitate out of the solution. The precipitate can be redissolved in a specified volume of solvent to form a solution having a desired concentration of the hyperpolarized target compound.