Compounds represented by formulae I, II, III, and IV including pro-drugs for treprostinil and prostacyclin analogs. Uses include treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The structures of the compounds can be adapted to the particular application for a suitable treatment dosage. Transdermal applications can be used.

Compounds represented by formulae I, II, III, and IV including pro-drugs for treprostinil and prostacyclin analogs. Uses include treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The structures of the compounds can be adapted to the particular application for a suitable treatment dosage. Transdermal applications can be used.

The present invention provides a process for preparation of {(2E,4E,6E,8E)-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl)phenyl-3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8}tetraenoate, an acitretin intermediate of formula (VI) with trans isomer≧97%, comprising of reacting 3-formyl-crotonic acid butyl ester of formula (V), substantially free of impurities, with 5-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-penta-2,4-diene-1-triphenyl phosphonium bromide of formula (IV) and isolating resultant compound of formula (VI), treating the filtrate with iodine for isomerization of the undesired cis intermediate and finally obtaining acitretin (I), with desired trans isomer≧97%.

The present invention provides a process for preparation of {(2E,4E,6E,8E)-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl)phenyl-3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8}tetraenoate, an acitretin intermediate of formula (VI) with trans isomer≧97%, comprising of reacting 3-formyl-crotonic acid butyl ester of formula (V), substantially free of impurities, with 5-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-penta-2,4-diene-1-triphenyl phosphonium bromide of formula (IV) and isolating resultant compound of formula (VI), treating the filtrate with iodine for isomerization of the undesired cis intermediate and finally obtaining acitretin (I), with desired trans isomer≧97%.

The present disclosure describes a method of coupling a first compound to a second compound, the method comprising: providing the first compound having a fluorosulfonate substituent; providing the second compound comprising an alkene; and reacting the first compound and the second compound in a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture including a catalyst having at least one group 10 atom, the reaction mixture under conditions effective to couple the first compound to the second compound.

The present disclosure describes a method of coupling a first compound to a second compound, the method comprising: providing the first compound having a fluorosulfonate substituent; providing the second compound comprising an alkene; and reacting the first compound and the second compound in a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture including a catalyst having at least one group 10 atom, the reaction mixture under conditions effective to couple the first compound to the second compound.

A process for a reactive separation of organic molecules from biomass includes a reaction step for the biomass, a simultaneous extraction step using a solvent, and a filtration step to recover products, wherein the products comprise ferulic acid and/or coumaric acid. The products are extracted from the biomass in a pressurized stirred batch reactor using a liquid extraction solvent and a base in which the ferulate and the coumarate remain.

A process for a reactive separation of organic molecules from biomass includes a reaction step for the biomass, a simultaneous extraction step using a solvent, and a filtration step to recover products, wherein the products comprise ferulic acid and/or coumaric acid. The products are extracted from the biomass in a pressurized stirred batch reactor using a liquid extraction solvent and a base in which the ferulate and the coumarate remain.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (IW-1) and to their use in treating or preventing an inflammatory disease or a disease associated with an undesirable immune response: wherein R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C and R.sup.D are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to α-asary-laldehyde ester, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof. The chemical structure of the related α-asary-laldehyde ester is represented by formula I. A related application is an application of the compound in preparation of drugs for calming, mind tranquillizing, senile dementia resisting, convulsion resisting, epilepsy resisting and depression resisting.