Disclosed are 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or enantiomers, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases, comprising the same as an active ingredient. The 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives have excellent inhibitory activity against picornaviruses including coxsackie-, entero-, echo-, Polio-, and rhinoviruses, as well as exhibiting low cytotoxicity, so that they can be useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases including poliomyelitis, paralysis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, viral meningitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular disease, hepatitis A, myositis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, diabetes, epidemic myalgia, encephalitis, cold, herpangina, foot-and-mouth disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, sinusitis or otitis media.

The present invention provides processes for the preparation of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and novel intermediates used therein. In some embodiments the 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene is prepared from (E)-2-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-styrylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. Also disclosed are crystal forms of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same.

The present invention provides processes for the preparation of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and novel intermediates used therein. In some embodiments the 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene is prepared from (E)-2-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-styrylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. Also disclosed are crystal forms of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, whereby an iodosylbenzene derivative can be easily separated and recovered. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound (1) by reaction with a fluorine source (3) in the presence of a hypervalent iodine aromatic ring compound (2a), or in the presence of an iodine aromatic ring compound (2b) and an oxidant (2bo); wherein the fluorine source (3) is a fluorine source (3a) represented by formula: MF.sub.n, wherein M is H, a metal of Group 1 of the periodic table, or a metal of Group 2 of the periodic table; and n is 1 or 2; and step B of separating the iodine aromatic ring compound from a reaction liquid after step A is started.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, whereby an iodosylbenzene derivative can be easily separated and recovered. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound (1) by reaction with a fluorine source (3) in the presence of a hypervalent iodine aromatic ring compound (2a), or in the presence of an iodine aromatic ring compound (2b) and an oxidant (2bo); wherein the fluorine source (3) is a fluorine source (3a) represented by formula: MF.sub.n, wherein M is H, a metal of Group 1 of the periodic table, or a metal of Group 2 of the periodic table; and n is 1 or 2; and step B of separating the iodine aromatic ring compound from a reaction liquid after step A is started.

A method of treating a leukemia comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of Formula (I) and/or (II) having the structure: OR2 R R1O n OR2 R R1O n I II wherein: 10 ---- represents a single or a double bond; R is OH when C----R is C—R, and R is O when C----R is C═R; n is 1, 3, 5 or 7; and R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or acetyl, and/or isomers, stereoisomers or solvates thereof and/or mixtures thereof.

##STR00001##

A fragrance precursor represented by the formula 1

##STR00001##

wherein

X and Y together represent a double bond to a carbon atom bearing R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, with R.sub.1═H, methyl, acetyl or C.sub.1—C.sub.3 alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. ethoxycarbonyl); and R2=phenyl optionally substituted with up to 3 (i.e. 0, 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from C.sub.1—C.sub.4 alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl), vinyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1—C.sub.3 alkoxy (e.g. ethoxy), and —O—CH.sub.2—O—, e.g. R.sub.2 is benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-vinylphenyl or 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl or

R2=naphthyl, (naphthyl) methyl, 1,1,2,4,4,8-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-7-yl, or 1,1,2,4,4,-penta methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-7-yl or

R2=COR3, wherein R3 is H, C1-C10 alkoxy (e.g. ethoxy, 1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxy), C1-C4 alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl), e.g. R2 is formyl, acetyl, ethoxycarbonyl, 1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxycarbonyl; or wherein

X is OR4, with R4 being H or alkyl, and

Y is OR5, with R5 being alkyl,

useful as a perfume ingredient.

A fragrance precursor represented by the formula 1

##STR00001##

wherein

X and Y together represent a double bond to a carbon atom bearing R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, with R.sub.1═H, methyl, acetyl or C.sub.1—C.sub.3 alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. ethoxycarbonyl); and R2=phenyl optionally substituted with up to 3 (i.e. 0, 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from C.sub.1—C.sub.4 alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl), vinyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1—C.sub.3 alkoxy (e.g. ethoxy), and —O—CH.sub.2—O—, e.g. R.sub.2 is benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-vinylphenyl or 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl or

R2=naphthyl, (naphthyl) methyl, 1,1,2,4,4,8-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-7-yl, or 1,1,2,4,4,-penta methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-7-yl or

R2=COR3, wherein R3 is H, C1-C10 alkoxy (e.g. ethoxy, 1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxy), C1-C4 alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl), e.g. R2 is formyl, acetyl, ethoxycarbonyl, 1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxycarbonyl; or wherein

X is OR4, with R4 being H or alkyl, and

Y is OR5, with R5 being alkyl,

useful as a perfume ingredient.

Provided herein are nutritional, or therapeutic, compositions and methods of use in primarily treating kidney patients suffering from low serum albumin. The compositions are divided into four formulations, comprising: 1) the magnesium salt and/or the calcium salt of the alpha keto acids of: α-leucine, α-valine, α-isoleucine, α-phenylalanine, α-hydroxy methionine; and/or α-tryptophan, and/or α-tyrosine; 2) L-lysine monoacetate, L-threonine; and/or 3) histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, as amino acids or base acids. The specific formulation administered depends in part upon which stage 2-5 of renal disease the patient has. The invention further comprises methods of treatment of disorders associated with low serum albumin using the composition as an over-the-counter pill. The patient's serum albumin is tested on a periodic basis and the selected composition and dose are adjusted accordingly. And the invention comprises method of making α-leucine, α-valine, α-isoleucine, a-tyrosine and α-tryptophan in a multi-step process.

A cured-film formation composition that includes: (A) one or more compounds having a photo-aligning group and hydroxy group, etc.; (B) a polymer having at least one substituent from the group of a hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, and alkoxysilyl group, and the like; and (C) a cross-linking agent. Component (A) contains a compound having a group of Formula [1] below as the photo-aligning group: ##STR00001##
where A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or methyl group; and A.sup.3 is a hydroxy group. A cured-film is formed from the cured-film formation composition, and orientation material is formed by use of photo-alignment technique. A retardation material is obtained by applying a polymerizable liquid crystal on the orientation material and curing it.