A catalytic glycosylation method comprising: installing thioether to an anomeric carbon of a carbohydrate; and catalytically activating the thioether with a non-oxophilic Lewis acid. The thioether may comprise an anomerically stable thioether leaving group. The catalytic glycosylation method may further comprise: utilizing an acid-sensitive ester protecting group as permanent protecting group or using a reactivity-based one-pot glycosylation that employs a single-component catalyst to accelerate an oligosaccharide assembly process. A protecting group to mask hydroxyl functionalities in the production of oligosaccharides, natural products or any molecule having a hydroxyl group comprising an acid-labile ester protecting group.

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I): wherein X is a linking group; Y is O, NH or NR.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 is H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; Q.sup.+ is a moiety that includes a quaternary ammonium cation; A.sup. is an anion; R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkylene group; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or a positive integer; provided that n is not 0 when R.sup.3 is hydrogen.

##STR00001##

Synthetic kava analog compounds of formula I are disclosed. Specifically, kava analogs of the structural type 3-oxoclclohex-1-en-1-yl benzoates, and corresponding benzamides are disclosed. The compounds of the within invention are useful in the inhibition of cytokine TNF-, the management of chronic inflammation such as but not limited to Porphyromonas gingivalis induced periodontitis, and in infective arthritis, either as compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts (when appropriate), pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other anti-inflammatory active pharmaceutical ingredients. Methods of treating chronic inflammation such as periodontitis and infective arthritis are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates, in general, to 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, and processes that employ such compounds as intermediates in the preparation of the herbicide dicamba.

The present disclosure relates, in general, to 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, and processes that employ such compounds as intermediates in the preparation of the herbicide dicamba.

The present disclosure relates, in general, to 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, and processes that employ such compounds as intermediates in the preparation of the herbicide dicamba.

This invention relates to Compound 1 (APX3330) salts and esters. The invention also provides compositions comprising a Compound 1 salt or ester. The invention also provides compounds of formula (I) and formula (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention further provides compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle. The invention also provides methods for treating or preventing a disease, such as cancer, a liver disorder, an ocular disorder, a cardiovascular disorder, fibrosis, or an inflammatory disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a Compound 1 salt or ester; or compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

This invention relates to Compound 1 (APX3330) salts and esters. The invention also provides compositions comprising a Compound 1 salt or ester. The invention also provides compounds of formula (I) and formula (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention further provides compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle. The invention also provides methods for treating or preventing a disease, such as cancer, a liver disorder, an ocular disorder, a cardiovascular disorder, fibrosis, or an inflammatory disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a Compound 1 salt or ester; or compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A cleaning solution, including: a solvent; an oxidizing agent, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a peroxide; a stabilizing system, wherein the stabilizing system comprises a first stabilizing agent and a second stabilizing agent; a surfactant; an optional colorant; and an optional fragrance.

A cleaning solution, including: a solvent; an oxidizing agent, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a peroxide; a stabilizing system, wherein the stabilizing system comprises a first stabilizing agent and a second stabilizing agent; a surfactant; an optional colorant; and an optional fragrance.