Provide is a polar compound having high chemical stability, high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and a large voltage holding ratio when the compound is used in a liquid crystal display device. A compound represented by formula (1) is applied.

##STR00001##

For example, in formula (1), P.sup.1 is any one of formulas (1b) to (1i), Sp is a single bond, Z is COO, and A is 1,4-phenylene.

##STR00002##

[Problem]

To provide a biodegradable compound having a structure decomposed in a cell, lipid particles containing the compound, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the lipid particles.

[Solution]

The compound of the embodiment is represented by the formula (1): P[XRYR-Q].sub.2 (1). In the formula, P is an alkyleneoxy having an ether bond, X is a divalent linking group having a tertiary amine structure, R is a divalent linking group, R is a single bond or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylene, and Q is a liposoluble vitamin residue, a sterol residue, or a C.sub.12 to C.sub.22 aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The structure of the compound contains at least one biodegradable group. From the compound in combination with other lipids such as a lipid capable of reducing aggregation, lipid particles can be formed. Further, the compound can be used for a pharmaceutical composition to deliver an activator into cells.

[Problem]

To provide a biodegradable compound having a structure decomposed in a cell, lipid particles containing the compound, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the lipid particles.

[Solution]

The compound of the embodiment is represented by the formula (1): P[XRYR-Q].sub.2 (1). In the formula, P is an alkyleneoxy having an ether bond, X is a divalent linking group having a tertiary amine structure, R is a divalent linking group, R is a single bond or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylene, and Q is a liposoluble vitamin residue, a sterol residue, or a C.sub.12 to C.sub.22 aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The structure of the compound contains at least one biodegradable group. From the compound in combination with other lipids such as a lipid capable of reducing aggregation, lipid particles can be formed. Further, the compound can be used for a pharmaceutical composition to deliver an activator into cells.

The invention relates to a compound of formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.11, R.sup.21, A.sup.11, A, Z, X.sup.11, X.sup.21, Y.sup.11, Y.sup.12, Sp.sup.11, Sp.sup.21, o and p have one of the meanings as given in claim 1. The invention further relates to method of production of a compound of formula I, to the use of said compounds in LC media and to LC media comprising one or more compounds of formula I. Further, the invention relates to a method of production of such LC media, to the use of such media in LC devices, and to LC device comprising a LC medium according to the present invention. The present invention further relates to a process for the fabrication such liquid crystal display and to the use of the liquid crystal mixtures according to the invention for the fabrication of such liquid crystal display.

The invention relates to a compound of formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.11, R.sup.21, A.sup.11, A, Z, X.sup.11, X.sup.21, Y.sup.11, Y.sup.12, Sp.sup.11, Sp.sup.21, o and p have one of the meanings as given in claim 1. The invention further relates to method of production of a compound of formula I, to the use of said compounds in LC media and to LC media comprising one or more compounds of formula I. Further, the invention relates to a method of production of such LC media, to the use of such media in LC devices, and to LC device comprising a LC medium according to the present invention. The present invention further relates to a process for the fabrication such liquid crystal display and to the use of the liquid crystal mixtures according to the invention for the fabrication of such liquid crystal display.

The present invention provides a new polymerizable compound which is represented by Formula (I). In the formula, R.sup.1 indicates an alkyl group or the like, A represents a (m+n)valent cyclic group, L.sub.1 indicates a single bond or the like, L.sub.2 indicates COO or the like, Z indicates COO or the like, Sp indicates an alkylene group, an alkyleneoxy group, or the like, Q indicates a polymerizable group such as a (meth)acryloyl groups, 1 indicates an integer of 0 to 2, m indicates an integer of 1 or 2, and n indicates an integer of 1 to 3. The present invention also provides a polymerizable composition which includes the polymerizable compound described above, a film which is formed from the polymerizable composition described above, and a half mirror for displaying a projection image which includes the film described above. Using the polymerization composition described above, it is possible to manufacture films such as a low birefringence retardation film and a reflection film with high reflection wavelength region selectivity. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a new polymerizable compound which is represented by Formula (I). In the formula, R.sup.1 indicates an alkyl group or the like, A represents a (m+n)valent cyclic group, L.sub.1 indicates a single bond or the like, L.sub.2 indicates COO or the like, Z indicates COO or the like, Sp indicates an alkylene group, an alkyleneoxy group, or the like, Q indicates a polymerizable group such as a (meth)acryloyl groups, 1 indicates an integer of 0 to 2, m indicates an integer of 1 or 2, and n indicates an integer of 1 to 3. The present invention also provides a polymerizable composition which includes the polymerizable compound described above, a film which is formed from the polymerizable composition described above, and a half mirror for displaying a projection image which includes the film described above. Using the polymerization composition described above, it is possible to manufacture films such as a low birefringence retardation film and a reflection film with high reflection wavelength region selectivity. ##STR00001##

A compound of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which Ring X is a 3 to 7 membered monocyclic ring, at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 is OR.sub.5 or CH.sub.2OR.sub.5 and the other R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each independently are halogen, OH, OR.sub.5, CH.sub.2OR.sub.5, CO.sub.2H, OC?OR.sub.6, (C?O)R.sub.6, R.sub.6, C1-10 alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, H, or absent. Also provided herein are therapeutic uses of the compound of Formula (I).

A compound of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which Ring X is a 3 to 7 membered monocyclic ring, at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 is OR.sub.5 or CH.sub.2OR.sub.5 and the other R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each independently are halogen, OH, OR.sub.5, CH.sub.2OR.sub.5, CO.sub.2H, OC?OR.sub.6, (C?O)R.sub.6, R.sub.6, C1-10 alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, H, or absent. Also provided herein are therapeutic uses of the compound of Formula (I).

Prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid and their use for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with inflammation are disclosed.