There is provided herein an optical system for a tip section of a multi-sensor endoscope, the system comprising: a front-pointing camera sensor; a front objective lens system; a side-pointing camera sensor; and a side objective lens system, wherein at least one of said front and side objective lens systems comprises a front and a rear sub-systems separated by a stop diaphragm, said front sub-system comprises, in order from the object side, a first front negative lens and a second front positive lens, said rear sub-system comprises, in order from the object side, a first rear positive lens, an achromatic sub-assembly comprising a second rear positive lens and a third rear negative lens, wherein the following condition is satisfied: f.sub.(first rear positive lens)≤1.8f, where f is the composite focal length of the total lens system and f.sub.(first rear positive lens) is the focal length of said first rear positive lens.

A device for measuring reflected ultrasound and optical signals may include: an optical source; an optical assembly comprising at least one lens, configured to focus reflected optical illumination from a target onto a detector; and an ultrasound transducer aligned to transmit and receive ultrasound radiation co-axially with the reflected optical illumination and wherein the ultrasound transducer at least partially obstructs a path of the reflected optical illumination. An obstruction may be distant from a focal spot of the optical assembly. The device for measuring reflected ultrasound and optical signals may be particularly useful for characterizing fluid behind an ear drum to diagnose otitis media.

An endoscope includes an image pickup module, and the image pickup module includes: an image pickup device an external electrode being disposed on a back surface of the image pickup device; a wiring element provided with a through-hole passing through a first main surface and a second main surface, a first electrode on the first main surface being bonded with the external electrode; a signal cable bonded with a second electrode on the second main surface of the wiring element; and a first resin that seals a first bump bonding the first electrode and the external electrode and a second bump bonding the second electrode and the signal cable, and fills the through-hole.

There is described an apparatus comprising a first optical element, a second optical element and a spacing element for use with a mobile user device. The first optical element is configured to provide an image of an object to an intermediate image plane and the second optical element magnifies the image to provide a final image in a final image plane in which a camera aperture of the device is supported. The spacing element maintains a fixed separation between the object and the first optical element. Image magnification is achieved while also providing a space for tool access. Mirrors may be used to divert the optical path, allowing the optical path to be folded for more compact apparatus. A third optical element disposed at the intermediate image plane may be used to reduce vignetting effects in the final image.

An image capturing apparatus includes: a columnar main body having proximal and distal ends, and having a predetermined length therebetween so as to enable insertion of at least the distal end into an oral cavity; at least one light source provided on the proximal or distal end side of the main body, or to the main body, configured to emit light having a predetermined frequency band; a diffuser plate provided on the proximal or distal end side of the main body, or to the main body, configured to diffuse the emitted light toward the oral cavity; and a camera provided on the proximal or the distal end side of the main body, or to the main body, configured to capture an object image based on reflected light which has been diffused by the diffuser plate and reflected from the oral cavity.

An endoscope includes, in a distal end frame constituting a distal end portion, an objective optical unit including a voice coil motor that moves a moving lens frame forward and backward in a direction of an optical axis by using a plurality of magnets arranged on a periphery of the moving lens frame, and a plurality of internal components made of magnetic material and arranged around the objective optical unit. At least one of the internal components is arranged at a position where at least a part thereof intersects one of straight lines each connecting an extreme point of one of valleys of a specific isomagnetic line of magnetic fields formed by the magnets and one of two inflection points of the specific isomagnetic line, the two inflection points being located, with the one of the valleys positioned between the two inflection points.

An optical unit includes a fixed barrel configured to accommodate a moving barrel configured to hold an optical element configured to form an object image and formed of a nonmagnetic body to be able to advance and retract between a first position and a second position in a direction along an optical axis, a first magnet provided at the fixed barrel and configured to attract the moving barrel in a first direction along the optical axis to hold the moving barrel at the first position, a coil configured to attract the moving barrel in a second direction opposite to the first direction along the optical axis to hold the moving barrel at the second position by a magnetic field generated by being energized, and a second magnet provided at the moving barrel and configured to be attracted by the first magnet and the magnetic field of the coil.

An endoscope apparatus includes first and second optical lenses that are separately provided at a distal end portion of an endoscope, and form first and second optical images, respectively, an optical path length changing filter that makes optical path lengths of the first and second optical images different, an image pickup device that performs image pickup of the first and second optical images to generate first and second image pickup signals, and a processor that generates first and second images from the first and second image pickup signals, corrects parallax, removes an area including a figure present only in one of the first and second images, and combines respective focusing areas of the first and second images to generate an endoscope image.

The endoscope has an insertion portion, an imaging unit, and a member formed in a given dimension. The insertion portion has an apical portion, an actively curvable portion, and a treatment device channel. The actively curvable portion is located on the proximal side of the apical portion. The treatment device channel is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the insertion portion. The insertion portion is formed of resin. One or more radiopaque members, formed of knowns dimensions, are coated on a surface of the insertion portion or placed in, buried or covered laterally in the insertion portion. The X-ray transmittance of the radiopaque members is different from the X-ray transmittance of the resin forming the insertion portion.

A medical observation system includes: a plurality of types of sensor units that measure information regarding an internal environment; an acquisition unit (131) that acquires individual sensor values of the plurality of types of sensor units; a comparison unit (132) that compares the individual sensor values of the plurality of types of sensor units acquired by the acquisition unit (131); and a determination unit (134) that determines a sensor unit to be used for observing the internal environment among the plurality of types of sensor units based on a comparison result obtained by the comparison unit (132).