A stereo imaging system comprises an observation instrument having an image acquisition unit for detecting first image data and second image data, which can be combined for stereo observation. There is provided at least one position sensor for detecting an orientation of the instrument in relation to a position reference. There is provided a control device that is operable in a first representation mode and a second representation mode, depending on the orientation of the instrument. The control device is configured for outputting an image signal, which comprises a stereo signal that is based on the first image data and the second image data in the first representation mode, and a mono signal that is based on the first image data or the second image data in the second representation mode. The control device is configured to erect images that are output with the image signal in the second representation mode, depending on the orientation.

An endoscopic imaging system for use in a light deficient environment includes an imaging device having a tube, one or more image sensors, and a lens assembly including at least one optical elements that corresponds to the one or more image sensors. The endoscopic system includes a display for a user to visualize a scene and an image signal processing controller. The endoscopic system includes a light engine having an illumination source generating one or more pulses of electromagnetic radiation and a lumen transmitting one or more pulses of electromagnetic radiation to a distal tip of an endoscope.

An apparatus and method for ultrafast real-time optical imaging that can be used for imaging dynamic events such as microfluidics or laser surgery is provided. The apparatus and methods encode spatial information from a sample into a back reflection of a two-dimensional spectral brush that is generated with a two-dimensional disperser and a light source that is mapped in to the time domain with a temporal disperser. The temporal waveform is preferably captured by an optical detector, converted to an electrical signal that is digitized and processed to provide two dimensional and three dimensional images. The produced signals can be optically or electronically amplified. Detection may be improved with correlation matching against a database in the time domain or the spatial domain. Embodiments for endoscopy, microscopy and simultaneous imaging and laser ablation with a single fiber are illustrated.

A camera head for inspecting pipes or cavities including an array of two or more imaging elements with overlapping Fields of View (FOV) is disclosed. The camera head may include one or more light source elements, such as LEDs, for providing illumination in dimly lit inspection sites, such as the interior of underground pipes. The imaging elements and LEDs may be used in conjunction with a remote display device, such as an LCD panel of a camera control unit (CCU) or monitor in proximity to an operator, to display the interior of a pipe or other cavity.

A system comprises a dental tray comprising an array of cameras, wherein each camera of the first array of cameras has a fixed position and orientation relative to one or more other camera of the array of cameras. The system further comprises a processing device to receive a plurality of images generated by the array of cameras, stitch the plurality of images together based on calibration data specifying predetermined image stitching parameters for combining the plurality of images, wherein the predetermined image stitching parameters are based on predetermined fixed relative positions and orientations of cameras from the array of cameras, and generate a three-dimensional model of a plurality of teeth based on the stitched plurality of images.

An endoscopic device comprising a housing, first imaging means in the housing for detecting light emanating from objects from a predetermined first surrounding region annularly surrounding the endoscopic device and for producing a first image of the first surrounding region, a first image sensor for detecting the first image and for producing a first image signal, a first image sensor for sensing the first image and for generating a first image signal representing the first image, a second imaging means in the housing for sensing light emanating from objects in a predetermined second surrounding region and for generating a second image of the second surrounding region, and a second image sensor for sensing the second image and for generating a second image signal representing the second image. The first imaging device comprises a catadioptric imaging system with a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface, and a light refracting interface.

Methods and system perform tool tracking during minimally invasive robotic surgery. Tool states are determined using triangulation techniques or a Bayesian filter from either or both non-endoscopically derived and endoscopically derived tool state information, or from either or both non-visually derived and visually derived tool state information. The non-endoscopically derived tool state information is derived from sensor data provided either by sensors associated with a mechanism for manipulating the tool, or sensors capable of detecting identifiable signals emanating or reflecting from the tool and indicative of its position, or external cameras viewing an end of the tool extending out of the body. The endoscopically derived tool state information is derived from image data provided by an endoscope inserted in the body so as to view the tool.

Systems and methods for a teleoperational system and control thereof are provided. An exemplary system includes a first manipulator configured to support an instrument moveable within an instrument workspace, the instrument having an instrument frame of reference, and includes an operator input device configured to receive movement commands from an operator. The system further includes a control system to implement the movement commands by comparing an orientation of the instrument with an orientation of a field of view of the instrument workspace to produce an orientation comparison. When the comparison does not meet certain criteria, the control system causes instrument motion in a first direction relative to the instrument frame in response to a movement command. When the comparison meets the criteria, the control system causes instrument in a second direction relative to the instrument frame in response to the movement command. The second direction differs from the first direction.

A stereo colposcope having variable linearity filter systems for both the excitation step and the suppression step, and can be used universally with any fluorescent compound or drug, as is the case of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). The colposcope is a two-way colposcope because the treatment can be administered by an optical system or by a light-producing radio-frequency electrical current with a diathermic effect which facilitates photodynamic treatment. The colposcope produces ozone, which has an antiseptic effect when applied to the genital tract. A monitor provides for three-dimensional viewing through the use of two video cameras with the DLP (Digital Light Processing) and HDTV (High Definition Television) systems with the use of active lenses.

Disclosed is a stereo endoscope system comprising stereo endoscopes of varying working lengths, working diameters and directions of view. Each stereo endoscope comprises two identical optical systems where every pair of corresponding components is permanently couple in a sideways orientation. The system is capable of withstanding harsh conditions associated with medical equipment cleaning and sterilization, particularly, the high temperatures and pressures associated with autoclaving. Each of the corresponding components of the two identical optical systems is paired and moved relative to each other to adjust focus and then affixed to create a new singular optical component. The system includes a prism block that extends the distance between the optical axes on the stereo endoscope to the position of two video chips.