The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aromatic amine by hydrogenation of an aromatic nitro compound, comprising the following steps: (I) providing a copper tetramine salt-based impregnation catalyst, in particular an impregnation catalyst obtainable by the incipient wetness method, comprising a metal or metal oxide on a support as a hydrogenation catalyst. At least metallic or oxidic copper (in particular CuO) is present and the mole fraction of Cu based on all metals present is in the range of 075 to 1, and wherein the support comprises shaped silicon-dioxide shaped bodies or silicon-carbide shaped bodies; (II) optionally, activating the hydrogenation catalyst by treating with hydrogen in the absence of the aromatic nitro compound; and (III) reacting the aromatic nitro compound with hydrogen in the presence of the, optionally activated, hydrogenation catalyst to obtain the aromatic amine.

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C) wherein R.sup.1 represents an amino group protected with a protecting group, the method comprising a step of subjecting a compound represented by formula (B) wherein R.sup.1 represents the same meaning as above, to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound into the compound represented by formula (C).

##STR00001##

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C) wherein R.sup.1 represents an amino group protected with a protecting group, the method comprising a step of subjecting a compound represented by formula (B) wherein R.sup.1 represents the same meaning as above, to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound into the compound represented by formula (C).

##STR00001##

The present invention generally relates to processes for the catalytic hydrogenation of halonitroaromatics. In particular, the present invention includes processes for the catalytic hydrogenation of halonitroaromatics such as 2,5-dicloronitrobenzene to 2,5-dichloroaniline over a platinum-containing catalyst. The present invention also relates to processes for producing 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid.

A catalytic membrane composite that includes porous supported catalyst particles durably enmeshed in a porous fibrillated polymer membrane is provided. The porous fibrillated polymer membrane may be manipulated to take the form of a tube, disc, or diced tape and used in multiphase reaction systems. The supported catalyst particles are composed of at least one finely divided metal catalyst dispersed on a porous support substrate. High catalytic activity is gained by the effective fine dispersion of the finely divided metal catalyst such that the metal catalyst covers the support substrate and/or is interspersed in the pores of the support substrate. In some embodiments, the catalytic membrane composite may be introduced to a stirred tank autoclave reactor system, a continuous flow reactor system, or a Parr Shaker reaction system and used to effect the catalytic reaction.

A catalytic membrane composite that includes porous supported catalyst particles durably enmeshed in a porous fibrillated polymer membrane is provided. The porous fibrillated polymer membrane may be manipulated to take the form of a tube, disc, or diced tape and used in multiphase reaction systems. The supported catalyst particles are composed of at least one finely divided metal catalyst dispersed on a porous support substrate. High catalytic activity is gained by the effective fine dispersion of the finely divided metal catalyst such that the metal catalyst covers the support substrate and/or is interspersed in the pores of the support substrate. In some embodiments, the catalytic membrane composite may be introduced to a stirred tank autoclave reactor system, a continuous flow reactor system, or a Parr Shaker reaction system and used to effect the catalytic reaction.

The present invention relates to processes of preparing N-((1,2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl)carbamoyl)-1-iso-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-sulfonamide and salts thereof. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and to the use of such compounds in the treatment and prevention of medical disorders and diseases, most especially by NLRP3 inhibition.

The present invention relates to processes of preparing N-((1,2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl)carbamoyl)-1-iso-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-sulfonamide and salts thereof. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and to the use of such compounds in the treatment and prevention of medical disorders and diseases, most especially by NLRP3 inhibition.

The present invention relates to processes of preparing N-((1,2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl)carbamoyl)-1-iso-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-sulfonamide and salts thereof. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and to the use of such compounds in the treatment and prevention of medical disorders and diseases, most especially by NLRP3 inhibition.

A gas replacement process and a gas replacement apparatus are employed, in the nitro compound hydrogenation reaction process. The gas replacement process at least includes a first step of subjecting a stream to be replaced to the gas replacement in presence of a first replacement gas, and then a second step of subjecting to the gas replacement in presence of the second replacement gas. Assuming the superficial velocity of the first replacement gas is V1, and the superficial velocity of the second replacement gas is V2, then V2/V1≥1.5.