The present invention provides cationic lipids and lipid nanoparticle formulations comprising these lipids, alone or in combination with other lipids. These lipid nanoparticles may be formulated with nucleic acids to facilitate their intracellular delivery both in vitro and for therapeutic applications. The present invention also provides methods of chemical synthesis of these lipids, lipid nanoparticle preparation and formulation with nucleic acids.

The present invention provides cationic lipids and lipid nanoparticle formulations comprising these lipids, alone or in combination with other lipids. These lipid nanoparticles may be formulated with nucleic acids to facilitate their intracellular delivery both in vitro and for therapeutic applications. The present invention also provides methods of chemical synthesis of these lipids, lipid nanoparticle preparation and formulation with nucleic acids.

The present invention relates to a modification polymerization initiator and a method for preparing the same, and the modification polymerization initiator includes a derived unit from a compound represented by Formula 1 and may include various functional groups in a molecule, and thus, may initiate polymerization reaction and introduce a functional group into a polymer chain at the same time. In addition, the preparation method according to the present invention may prepare the modification polymerization initiator with high purity in high yield.

The present invention relates to a modification polymerization initiator and a method for preparing the same, and the modification polymerization initiator includes a derived unit from a compound represented by Formula 1 and may include various functional groups in a molecule, and thus, may initiate polymerization reaction and introduce a functional group into a polymer chain at the same time. In addition, the preparation method according to the present invention may prepare the modification polymerization initiator with high purity in high yield.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethyleneamines and/or alkanolamines, comprising the following steps: 1) reacting MEG with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and an amination catalyst; 2) removing hydrogen and ammonia from the reaction output from stage 1, wherein the removal of hydrogen and ammonia in stage 2 comprises the following steps: 2-1) separating the reaction output from stage 1 into a gaseous phase comprising ammonia and hydrogen, and a liquid phase comprising ethyleneamines and/or alkanolamines, 2-2) passing the gaseous phase from stage 2-1) through one or more condensers to obtain one or more liquid phases in which ammonia has been enriched, and a gaseous phase in which hydrogen has been enriched, 2-3) contacting the gaseous phase from stage 2-2) with MEG so as to obtain a liquid phase comprising MEG and ammonia and a gaseous phase comprising hydrogen and optionally ammonia.

The present invention provides: a fluorinated ether compound and a coating liquid capable of forming a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity and an article having a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity. Provided is a fluorinated ether compound represented by [R.sup.f-G-].sub.aZ[(OR.sup.2).sub.cSiR.sup.3.sub.nL.sub.3n].sub.b wherein R.sup.f: a linear polyfluoroalkyl group having at least two carbon atoms, which has at least one etheric oxygen between carbon-carbon atoms, G: R.sup.1O, R.sup.1CONH, CONH or a single bond, R.sup.1: an alkylene group, Z: a hydrocarbon group having a valence of (a+b) or the like, R.sup.2: an alkylene group, R.sup.3: a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like, L: a hydrolyzable group, n: from 0 to 2, a: an integer of at least 1, b: an integer of at least 1, (a+b): at least 3, when a is 1, b is at least 4, and when a is at least 2, b is at least 1, and c: 0 or 1.

The present invention provides: a fluorinated ether compound and a coating liquid capable of forming a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity and an article having a surface layer excellent in water/oil repellency, abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability and lubricity. Provided is a fluorinated ether compound represented by [R.sup.f-G-].sub.aZ[(OR.sup.2).sub.cSiR.sup.3.sub.nL.sub.3n].sub.b wherein R.sup.f: a linear polyfluoroalkyl group having at least two carbon atoms, which has at least one etheric oxygen between carbon-carbon atoms, G: R.sup.1O, R.sup.1CONH, CONH or a single bond, R.sup.1: an alkylene group, Z: a hydrocarbon group having a valence of (a+b) or the like, R.sup.2: an alkylene group, R.sup.3: a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like, L: a hydrolyzable group, n: from 0 to 2, a: an integer of at least 1, b: an integer of at least 1, (a+b): at least 3, when a is 1, b is at least 4, and when a is at least 2, b is at least 1, and c: 0 or 1.

The present invention relates to a modification monomer and a modified conjugated diene-based polymer including the same, and more particularly, provides a modification monomer represented by Formula 1 and a modified conjugated diene-based polymer including a repeating unit derived therefrom.

The present invention relates to a modification monomer and a modified conjugated diene-based polymer including the same, and more particularly, provides a modification monomer represented by Formula 1 and a modified conjugated diene-based polymer including a repeating unit derived therefrom.

Disclosed are succinimide-based compounds used in compositions and methods for inhibiting natural gas hydrate agglomerates. The succinimide-based compounds are reaction products of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and an amine or amine alcohol.