Surface hydroxyl groups on porous and nonporous metal oxides, such as silica gel and alumina, were metalated with catalyst precursors, such as complexes of earth abundant metals (e.g., Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn and Mg). The metalated metal oxide catalysts provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of organic transformations. The catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.

Pd(II)-catalyzed g-G(sp3)-H arylation or heteroarylation of primary amines is realized by using 2-hydroxynicotinaldehyde as a catalytic transient directing group. Importantly, the catalyst and the directing group loading can be lowered to 2% and 4% respectively, thus demonstrating high efficiency of this newly designed transient directing group. Heterocyclic aryl iodides are also compatible with this reaction. Furthermore, swift synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyridine derivatives is accomplished using this reaction.

Ketamine derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are disclosed. When administered orally the ketamine derivatives provide increased bioavailability of ketamine in the systemic circulation. The ketamine derivatives can be used to treat neurological diseases, psychological diseases and pain.

Ketamine derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are disclosed. When administered orally the ketamine derivatives provide increased bioavailability of ketamine in the systemic circulation. The ketamine derivatives can be used to treat neurological diseases, psychological diseases and pain.

A method for scavenging airborne formaldehyde comprising a step of contacting the airborne formaldehyde with an amine compound or a salt thereof.

A method for scavenging airborne formaldehyde comprising a step of contacting the airborne formaldehyde with an amine compound or a salt thereof.

Provided is a solvent for organic transistor production. The solvent has excellent solubility for organic semiconductor materials and enables formation of an organic transistor having high crystallinity. The solvent according to the present invention for organic transistor production includes a solvent A represented by Formula (a). In the formula, Ring Z represents a ring selected from an aromatic carbon ring, a 5- to 7-membered alicyclic carbon ring, and a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring; R.sup.1 represents a group selected from oxo, thioxy, OR.sup.a, SR.sup.a, O(CO)R.sup.a, R.sup.bO(CO)R.sup.a, and substituted or unsubstituted amino; and R.sup.2 represents a group selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl, aryl, and OR.sup.a, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be linked to each other to form a ring with one or more carbon atoms constituting Ring Z. ##STR00001##

Provided is a solvent for organic transistor production. The solvent has excellent solubility for organic semiconductor materials and enables formation of an organic transistor having high crystallinity. The solvent according to the present invention for organic transistor production includes a solvent A represented by Formula (a). In the formula, Ring Z represents a ring selected from an aromatic carbon ring, a 5- to 7-membered alicyclic carbon ring, and a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring; R.sup.1 represents a group selected from oxo, thioxy, OR.sup.a, SR.sup.a, O(CO)R.sup.a, R.sup.bO(CO)R.sup.a, and substituted or unsubstituted amino; and R.sup.2 represents a group selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl, aryl, and OR.sup.a, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be linked to each other to form a ring with one or more carbon atoms constituting Ring Z. ##STR00001##

Ketamine derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are disclosed. When administered orally the ketamine derivatives provide increased bioavailability of ketamine in the systemic circulation. The ketamine derivatives can be used to treat neurological diseases, psychological diseases and pain.

Ketamine derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are disclosed. When administered orally the ketamine derivatives provide increased bioavailability of ketamine in the systemic circulation. The ketamine derivatives can be used to treat neurological diseases, psychological diseases and pain.