Catalysts, in particular clay catalysts, use in alkylation reaction of aromatic compounds, e.g., aromatic amines, that have lost activity during use, are regenerated by contacting the used catalyst with a mixture of a minor amount of an acid, in a mixture with water and an organic solvent. The regeneration process is readily incorporated into an alkylation process for aromatic amines.

Provided is an organic electronic element comprising a hole transport layer containing a compound of Formula (1) and an emitting auxiliary layer containing a compound of Formula (2), capable of improving the light emitting efficiency, stability, and life span of an electronic device using the same.

Provided is an organic electronic element comprising a hole transport layer containing a compound of Formula (1) and an emitting auxiliary layer containing a compound of Formula (2), capable of improving the light emitting efficiency, stability, and life span of an electronic device using the same.

An aromatic compound represented by chemical formula 1 and an organic light-emitting diode including the same are provided.

##STR00001##

In chemical formula 1, A, Ar.sub.2, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and m are as described in the embodiments.

An aromatic compound represented by chemical formula 1 and an organic light-emitting diode including the same are provided.

##STR00001##

In chemical formula 1, A, Ar.sub.2, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and m are as described in the embodiments.

The present invention relates to novel light-emitting materials. These materials comprise a side chain that includes a fully deuterated or partially deuterated alkyl chain. This new side chain could improve device lifetime compared to nondeuterated side chains.

The present invention relates to novel light-emitting materials. These materials comprise a side chain that includes a fully deuterated or partially deuterated alkyl chain. This new side chain could improve device lifetime compared to nondeuterated side chains.

Octaaminonaphthalene and a method of synthesizing octaaminonaphthalene are described. A two-dimensional coordination polymer and a method of synthesizing the two-dimensional coordination polymer are described. The two-dimensional coordination polymer includes ligands including anchorage sites, and metal linkers, each metal linker including a metal and an organic moiety. Each metal linker is coupled to two ligands via the anchorage sites. Synthesizing the two-dimensional coordination polymer includes contacting a first liquid precursor with a second liquid precursor at an interface, reacting the metal linker and the water-soluble ligand to yield a two-dimensional coordination polymer at the interface, and removing the two-dimensional coordination polymer from the interface.

Disclosed is a cross-coupling reaction method which forms a chemical bond selected from C—N, C—B, C—C, C—O and C—S bonds, the method comprising: preparing an aromatic compound (1) having a leaving group; preparing a compound (2) capable of undergoing a cross-coupling reaction selected from an aromatic amino compound (2-1), a diboronic acid ester or the like (2-2), an aromatic boronic acid or the like (2-3), an aromatic compound (2-4) having a hydroxyl group and an aromatic compound (2-5) having a thiol group; and performing a cross-coupling reaction of the compound (1) with the compound (2) in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a base and a compound (4) having a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, in the absence of a solvent.

Disclosed is a cross-coupling reaction method which forms a chemical bond selected from C—N, C—B, C—C, C—O and C—S bonds, the method comprising: preparing an aromatic compound (1) having a leaving group; preparing a compound (2) capable of undergoing a cross-coupling reaction selected from an aromatic amino compound (2-1), a diboronic acid ester or the like (2-2), an aromatic boronic acid or the like (2-3), an aromatic compound (2-4) having a hydroxyl group and an aromatic compound (2-5) having a thiol group; and performing a cross-coupling reaction of the compound (1) with the compound (2) in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a base and a compound (4) having a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, in the absence of a solvent.