The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

The invention provides an artificially synthesized single sphingosine lipid and use of delivering a nucleic acid thereof. More particularly, the invention provides Use or method for delivering a nucleic acid to a cell or a subject using a compound of Formula (I), a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, or a combination comprising a compound of Formula (I), a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof,

##STR00001##

The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of d-erythro-sphingosine and analogs thereof, wherein the method comprises a step of condensing a compound of formula (2):

##STR00001## or a salt thereof,
wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-50 alkyl, preferably a C.sub.1-15 alkyl, more preferably a C.sub.10-15 alkyl, which may be saturated or contain one or more double and/or triple bonds, and/or which may contain one or more functional groups, the functional group being preferably selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy group, a secondary, or tertiary amine, a thioether, an acyloxy group, an acylamido group, a phosphorus containing functional group, a carboxyl group, or a carbonyl group, with a compound of formula (3):

##STR00002##

wherein the bond represents a double or a single bond, W is C, or C(OR.sup.4), Z is O, or OR.sup.5, provided that: when W is C, the bond is a double bond and Z is O, or when W is C(OR.sup.4), the bond is a single bond and Z is OR.sup.5, and
wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-6 alkyl, a saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl, or an aryl, each of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or wherein one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, and the other rest is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-6 alkyl, a saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl, or an aryl, each of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may form a cyclic structure, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, a cycloalkyl, or an aryl, each of which may be substituted or unsubstituted.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of d-erythro-sphingosine and analogs thereof, wherein the method comprises a step of condensing a compound of formula (2):

##STR00001## or a salt thereof,
wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-50 alkyl, preferably a C.sub.1-15 alkyl, more preferably a C.sub.10-15 alkyl, which may be saturated or contain one or more double and/or triple bonds, and/or which may contain one or more functional groups, the functional group being preferably selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy group, a secondary, or tertiary amine, a thioether, an acyloxy group, an acylamido group, a phosphorus containing functional group, a carboxyl group, or a carbonyl group, with a compound of formula (3):

##STR00002##

wherein the bond represents a double or a single bond, W is C, or C(OR.sup.4), Z is O, or OR.sup.5, provided that: when W is C, the bond is a double bond and Z is O, or when W is C(OR.sup.4), the bond is a single bond and Z is OR.sup.5, and
wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-6 alkyl, a saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl, or an aryl, each of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or wherein one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, and the other rest is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-6 alkyl, a saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl, or an aryl, each of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may form a cyclic structure, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, a cycloalkyl, or an aryl, each of which may be substituted or unsubstituted.

The present invention relates to an acidic aqueous composition (plating bath) for electrolytic copper plating (electrolytic deposition of copper), the composition comprising (i) copper (II) ions, (ii) one or more than one compound of Formula (Ia)

##STR00001## (iii) one, two, three or more than three further compounds, which are different from the compound of Formula (Ia),
with the definitions given below, the use of the acidic aqueous composition according to the invention for electrolytic copper plating, the use of the compound of Formula (Ia) in an acidic aqueous composition for electrolytic metal plating, a method of electrolytic copper plating using the acidic aqueous composition according to the invention, and specific compounds derived from Formula (Ia) for an acidic aqueous composition for electrolytic metal plating.