Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

A method for producing a cationic lipid, wherein a cationic lipid represented by formula (1) is mixed with a tetraalkylammonium salt having X.sup.− in an organic solvent, and a filtrate obtained by separating a tetraalkylammonium iodide deposited by filtration is concentrated to deposit a tetraalkylammonium iodide, thereby obtaining a cationic lipid represented by formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 and X.sup.− are as defined herein.

A method for producing a cationic lipid, wherein a cationic lipid represented by formula (1) is mixed with a tetraalkylammonium salt having X.sup.− in an organic solvent, and a filtrate obtained by separating a tetraalkylammonium iodide deposited by filtration is concentrated to deposit a tetraalkylammonium iodide, thereby obtaining a cationic lipid represented by formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 and X.sup.− are as defined herein.

The invention relates to a method for producing radiation-curable alkenyl ether polyols, to radiation-curable alkenyl ether polyols produced using the method according to the invention, and to the use thereof for the synthesis of radiation-interlinkable oligomers or polymers by means of polyaddition reactions or polycondensation reactions, in particular for the synthesis of radiation-curable polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes and polyureas, particularly preferably UV-curable polyurethanes. The invention also relates to radiation-curable polyurethane polymers that are obtained by reacting at least one alkenyl ether polyol according to the invention with a polyisocyanate.

The invention relates to a class of novel surfactants that have utility in the recovery and/or extraction of oil.

The invention relates to a class of novel surfactants that have utility in the recovery and/or extraction of oil.

An acid gas absorbent includes at least one kind of secondary amine compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group which may be substituted by a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each indicate an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may each be the same or different, and be a straight chain or have a side chain.

The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.

##STR00001##