Disclosed herein are salts and solid forms of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine. The solid form may be a salt and/or a crystalline form of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, such as a polymorph of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine or a salt thereof. Also disclosed are methods for making the salts and solid forms and methods for administering the solid forms. The salts and solid forms of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine are useful for treating neurological disease and/or a psychiatric disorder in a subject.

A composition of a compound represented by FIG. 1 for use in substance-assisted therapy. A method of changing neurotransmission, by administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of FIG. 1 to a mammal, interacting with serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the mammal, in particular also human beings, and inducing psychoactive effects. A method of treating a patient having adverse reactions to psychedelics by administering a desoxyscaline derivative to the patient, and avoiding adverse effects present with psychedelics. A method of changing neurotransmission of an individual, by administering a desoxyscaline derivative, and changing neurotransmission in the individual.

One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

Disclosed herein are 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs, pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more of such 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs, and methods of treating and/or ameliorating diseases and/or conditions associated with a cancer, such as prostate cancer with such 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs. Also included are combination therapies wherein a 1,4-naphthoquinone analog disclosed herein, and a hormone therapy agent are provided to a subject suffering from a condition such as cancer.

Disclosed herein are 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs, pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more of such 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs, and methods of treating and/or ameliorating diseases and/or conditions associated with a cancer, such as prostate cancer with such 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs. Also included are combination therapies wherein a 1,4-naphthoquinone analog disclosed herein, and a hormone therapy agent are provided to a subject suffering from a condition such as cancer.

The present invention relates to new benzoquinolone inhibitors of VMAT2, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof.

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The present invention relates to new benzoquinolone inhibitors of VMAT2, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof.

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One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

A preparation method of substituted primary amine is disclosed. The preparation method uses cyanophenyl and a derivative thereof as raw materials, nanoporous palladium as a catalyst, and H.sub.2 as a hydrogen source, and conducts selective hydrogenation to prepare the substituted primary amine. The molar concentration of the cyanophenyl and the derivative thereof in the solvent is 0.01-2 mmol/mL, and the molar ratio of the cyanophenyl to the derivative thereof to the catalyst is 1:0.01-1:0.5. The size of a pore framework of the nanoporous palladium is 1 nm-50 nm. The pressure of the H.sub.2 is 0.1-20.0 MPa. The obtained product has high selectivity; the present invention has mild reaction conditions, does not need any additive, and has simple operation and post-processing and good catalyst reproducibility. After repeatedly used, the catalytic activity of the present invention is not significantly reduced, thereby providing the possibility of realizing industrialization.