The present invention provides a method for obtaining a specifically-shaped crystal (specifically, spherocrystal) of a compound with good reproducibility. This method for producing a specifically-shaped crystal (specifically spherocrystal) of a compound comprises: (1) a step for preparing a supersaturated solution of a compound having a degree of supersaturation equal to or higher than a critical degree of supersaturation; and (2) a step for precipitating a specifically-shaped crystal (specifically spherocrystal) of a compound from the supersaturated solution.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of tapentadol and analogs or compounds or stereoisomers of formula (I), Formula I wherein, A is aryl, heteroaryl, and cycloalkyl; R is H, OH, OR.sup.1, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein each of these groups may further be substituted with one or more substituent selected from H, OH, halogen, CN, NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl. Further, the multi-step process involves no column chromatography purification until the very last step. This makes this process highly commercially viable and industrially useful.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of tapentadol and analogs or compounds or stereoisomers of formula (I), Formula I wherein, A is aryl, heteroaryl, and cycloalkyl; R is H, OH, OR.sup.1, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein each of these groups may further be substituted with one or more substituent selected from H, OH, halogen, CN, NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl. Further, the multi-step process involves no column chromatography purification until the very last step. This makes this process highly commercially viable and industrially useful.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (1R,2R)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (1R,2R)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol.

The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, particularly ophthalmic diseases and disorders. Provided herein are alkoxyl derivative compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The subject compositions are useful for treating and preventing ophthalmic diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt's Disease.

The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, particularly ophthalmic diseases and disorders. Provided herein are alkoxyl derivative compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The subject compositions are useful for treating and preventing ophthalmic diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt's Disease.

The present invention provides a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing levodopa-induced dyskinesia in a patient suffering from Parkinson's Disease, comprising the step of administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of the invention. The present invention further provides a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing Parkinson's Disease in a patient, comprising the step of administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of the invention.

The present invention provides a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing levodopa-induced dyskinesia in a patient suffering from Parkinson's Disease, comprising the step of administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of the invention. The present invention further provides a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing Parkinson's Disease in a patient, comprising the step of administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of the invention.

A composition for use in substance-assisted therapy, wherein: R is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, and R′ is C.sub.1-C.sub.5 branched or unbranched alkyl with the alkyl optionally substituted with F.sub.1-F.sub.5 fluorine substituents up to a fully fluorinated alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl optionally and independently substituted with one or more substituents such as F.sub.1-F.sub.5 fluorine and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-C.sub.2 branched or unbranched alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as F.sub.1-F.sub.5 fluorine and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl, or C.sub.2-C.sub.5 branched or unbranched alkenyl with E or Z vinylic, cis or trans allylic, E or Z allylic or other double bond position in relation to the attached ether function, where any of the carbons of the branched or unbranched alkenyl substituent is optionally substituted independently with one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl, with F.sub.1-F.sub.5 fluorine or with D.sub.1-D.sub.5 deuteron substituents.