Compounds are provided that are useful as immunomodulators. The compounds have the following Formula (II): ##STR00001## including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

The present invention provides a diphenyl-like compound, and intermediate thereof, a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition thereof and the uses thereof. According to the invention, the diphenyl-like compound has a significant inhibitory effect on PD-1 and/or PD-L1, and can effectively alleviate or treat related diseases such as cancer.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a diphenyl-like compound, and intermediate thereof, a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition thereof and the uses thereof. According to the invention, the diphenyl-like compound has a significant inhibitory effect on PD-1 and/or PD-L1, and can effectively alleviate or treat related diseases such as cancer.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to solid compositions comprising cocrystals of cannabinoids, processes for their preparation, and their use as in therapy or in cosmetics or for the purification of cannabinoids. It also relates to cocrystals of cannabinoids.

A method for preparing L-carnitine using a micro-reaction system. (R)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate was subjected to quaternization and hydrolysis in an aqueous trimethylamine solution in the presence of an inorganic base in a micro-channel reactor to produce the L-carnitine.

A method for preparing L-carnitine using a micro-reaction system. (R)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate was subjected to quaternization and hydrolysis in an aqueous trimethylamine solution in the presence of an inorganic base in a micro-channel reactor to produce the L-carnitine.