A compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof are provided: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, X and R.sup.3 are defined in the specification, useful in the treatment of disorders mediated by KMO such as acute pancreatitis, chronic kidney disease, other conditions associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, Parkinson's disease, AIDS-dementia complex, amylotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), depression, schizophrenia, sepsis, cardiovascular shock, severe trauma, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cholecystitis, severe burns, pneumonia, extensive surgical procedures, ischemic bowel, severe acute hepatic disease, severe acute hepatic encephalopathy or acute renal failure.

Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides amino acid compounds that are useful for producing products such as peptides. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides peptides comprising residues of provided amino acids.

The present invention relates to certain substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indol-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives of Formula (Ia) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit useful pharmacological properties, for example, as agonists of the S1P1 receptor.

##STR00001##

Also provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment of S1P1 receptor-associated disorders, for example, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, transplant rejection, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, type I diabetes, acne, microbial infections or diseases and viral infections or diseases.

The present invention relates to certain substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indol-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives of Formula (Ia) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit useful pharmacological properties, for example, as agonists of the S1P1 receptor.

##STR00001##

Also provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment of S1P1 receptor-associated disorders, for example, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, transplant rejection, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, type I diabetes, acne, microbial infections or diseases and viral infections or diseases.

The object of the invention concerns a quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I) wherein the substituents R.sub.5, R.sub.6 are independently chosen between hydrogen H and a radical R.sub.0, wherein the radical R.sub.0 consists of the structure of formula (II) wherein the substituent R.sub.1 is chosen from the group consisting of: hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, ethylenemethylthio, benzyl, para-hydroxybenzyl and 3-methylene-1H-indole, wherein the substituents R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 are independently chosen from the group consisting of: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, wherein m is an integer number comprised between 1 and 22, wherein the counteranion X.sup.− is chosen from the group of carboxylic acids consisting of: formic acid, acetic acid, unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, tartaric acid, adipic acid, aldaric acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, suberic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, fatty acids, acid amino acids, keto acids and aromatic carboxylic acids, and wherein n is comprised between 2 and 20.

The object of the invention concerns a quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I) wherein the substituents R.sub.5, R.sub.6 are independently chosen between hydrogen H and a radical R.sub.0, wherein the radical R.sub.0 consists of the structure of formula (II) wherein the substituent R.sub.1 is chosen from the group consisting of: hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, ethylenemethylthio, benzyl, para-hydroxybenzyl and 3-methylene-1H-indole, wherein the substituents R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 are independently chosen from the group consisting of: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, wherein m is an integer number comprised between 1 and 22, wherein the counteranion X.sup.− is chosen from the group of carboxylic acids consisting of: formic acid, acetic acid, unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, tartaric acid, adipic acid, aldaric acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, suberic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, fatty acids, acid amino acids, keto acids and aromatic carboxylic acids, and wherein n is comprised between 2 and 20.

The present disclosure discloses salts formed by 2-(1-acyloxy-n-pentyl)benzoic acid and basic amino acid or aminoguanidine, a preparation method thereof, pharmaceutical preparations containing these salts, and application thereof in preparation of drugs for preventing or treating ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, resisting thrombosis and improving cardio-cerebral circulation disorders. The compound of the present disclosure has excellent water solubility, aqueous solution stability and pharmacokinetic properties, also has significant anti-platelet aggregation, anti-thrombosis, anti-cerebral ischemia and neuroprotective activity. The compound of the present disclosure has significantly better effects than those of (S)-butylphthalide and potassium (R/S)-2-(1-hydroxy-n-pentyl) benzoate (PHPB), has significantly lower acute toxicity to mice by intravenous injection than that of butylphthalide and PHPB, has a lower inhibition rate of the hERG potassium channel in CHO-hERG cells than that of (S)-butylphthalide, and has a negative result in Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (Ames test).