There is disclosed a process for the co-production of long chain -amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) reacting long chain ketoacid derivative with hydroxylamine or subjecting ketoacid derivative to an ammoximation to yield oxime derivative; (2) subjecting oxime derivative to Beckmann rearrangement to yield a mixture of mixed amide derivatives; (3) hydrolyzing the mixed amide derivatives to produce long chain -amino acid and long chain dibasic acid.

There is disclosed a process for the co-production of long chain -amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) reacting long chain ketoacid derivative with hydroxylamine or subjecting ketoacid derivative to an ammoximation to yield oxime derivative; (2) subjecting oxime derivative to Beckmann rearrangement to yield a mixture of mixed amide derivatives; (3) hydrolyzing the mixed amide derivatives to produce long chain -amino acid and long chain dibasic acid.

Compositions and methods of using of such compositions to, for example, inhibit of the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: introducing a hydrate inhibitor composition comprising a compound into a fluid, wherein the compound comprises two hydrophobic cation moieties, a lipophilic tail, and two linking moieties.

Compositions and methods of using of such compositions to, for example, inhibit of the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: introducing a hydrate inhibitor composition comprising a compound into a fluid, wherein the compound comprises two hydrophobic cation moieties, a lipophilic tail, and two linking moieties.

Compositions and methods of using of such compositions to, for example, inhibit of the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: introducing a hydrate inhibitor composition comprising a compound into a fluid, wherein the compound comprises two hydrophobic cation moieties, a lipophilic tail, and two linking moieties.

Processes and systems for producing N-vinyl carboxylic acid amides are provided herein. According to some aspects of the present invention, a process for producing an N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide is described that eliminates interim solids handling steps during formation of the intermediate compounds, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing cost. The processes and system described herein may be used for the synthesis of N-vinylformamide and its intermediates, including 1-hydroxyethylformamide and 1-alkoxyethylformamide, or for the synthesis of N-methyl,N-vinylformamide and its intermediates, including N-methyl,1-hydroxyethylformamide and N-methyl,1alkoxyethylformamide.

Processes and systems for producing N-vinyl carboxylic acid amides are provided herein. According to some aspects of the present invention, a process for producing an N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide is described that eliminates interim solids handling steps during formation of the intermediate compounds, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing cost. The processes and system described herein may be used for the synthesis of N-vinylformamide and its intermediates, including 1-hydroxyethylformamide and 1-alkoxyethylformamide, or for the synthesis of N-methyl,N-vinylformamide and its intermediates, including N-methyl,1-hydroxyethylformamide and N-methyl,1alkoxyethylformamide.

The present invention discloses a non-linear PEGylated lipid, including the structure represented by the Formula (1); wherein, B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are linking bonds or alkylene groups; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are linking bonds or divalent linking groups; L.sub.x, Y, and L.sub.d are divalent linking groups; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are C.sub.4-50 hydrocarbon groups or C.sub.4-50 residues of hydrocarbon derivative containing 1-4 heteroatoms; X is CH< or

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n.sub.1, n.sub.2, and n.sub.3 are integers in the range of 4-250; T is a terminal group. Compared with linear PEGylated lipids, the non-linear PEGylated lipid provided herein can realize better protective effects toward the modified LNPs. The lipid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention exhibits high efficiency of drug encapsulation, appropriate particle size, non-toxicity, and good stability in serum. The LNP-nucleic acid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention demonstrates an excellent ability to complex with nucleic acids and shows high transfection activity.

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