An anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I) exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced.

##STR00001##

In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.

An anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I) exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced.

##STR00001##

In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.

A viscoelastic surfactant (VES) for a self-diverting acid under high temperature has a structural formula shown as formula (I), wherein, n is saturated hydrocarbon with 2 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon with 18 to 28 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently methyl, ethyl or hydrogen, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 can be the same or different; and X.sup.− is any one of Cl.sup.−, Br.sup.−, CO.sub.3.sup.2−, SO.sub.4.sup.2−, HCOO.sup.− and CH.sub.3COO.sup.−. The method for preparing the surfactant includes subjecting a fatty acid and an organic amine to acid-amine condensation to obtain an intermediate. The intermediate reacts with a metal hydride to obtain a fatty amine. Then, an acid solution is used to protonate the fatty amine to obtain an ultra-long-chain viscoelastic cationic surfactant. The present invention also provides use of the surfactant as a thickener for a self-diverting acid.

A viscoelastic surfactant (VES) for a self-diverting acid under high temperature has a structural formula shown as formula (I), wherein, n is saturated hydrocarbon with 2 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon with 18 to 28 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently methyl, ethyl or hydrogen, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 can be the same or different; and X.sup.− is any one of Cl.sup.−, Br.sup.−, CO.sub.3.sup.2−, SO.sub.4.sup.2−, HCOO.sup.− and CH.sub.3COO.sup.−. The method for preparing the surfactant includes subjecting a fatty acid and an organic amine to acid-amine condensation to obtain an intermediate. The intermediate reacts with a metal hydride to obtain a fatty amine. Then, an acid solution is used to protonate the fatty amine to obtain an ultra-long-chain viscoelastic cationic surfactant. The present invention also provides use of the surfactant as a thickener for a self-diverting acid.

Provided herein are integrated methods and systems for the production of acrylamide and acrylonitrile compounds and other compounds from at least beta-lactones and/or beta-hydroxy amides.

Provided herein are integrated methods and systems for the production of acrylamide and acrylonitrile compounds and other compounds from at least beta-lactones and/or beta-hydroxy amides.

An electrolyte solution containing at least one compound represented by formula (1-1) and formula (1-2), formula (1-1) being:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.101 is an optionally fluorinated C1-C7 alkyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C8 alkenyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C9 alkynyl group, or an optionally fluorinated C6-C12 aryl group, and optionally contains at least one selected from O, Si, S, and N in a structure; and formula (1-2) being:

##STR00002##

where R.sup.102 and R.sup.103 are (i) each individually H, F, an optionally fluorinated C1-C7 alkyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C7 alkenyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C9 alkynyl group, or an optionally fluorinated C5-C12 aryl group, or (ii) hydrocarbon groups binding to each other to form a 5-membered or 6-membered hetero ring with a nitrogen atom; and R.sup.102 and R.sup.103 each optionally contain at least one selected from O, S, and N in a structure.

An electrolyte solution containing at least one compound represented by formula (1-1) and formula (1-2), formula (1-1) being:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.101 is an optionally fluorinated C1-C7 alkyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C8 alkenyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C9 alkynyl group, or an optionally fluorinated C6-C12 aryl group, and optionally contains at least one selected from O, Si, S, and N in a structure; and formula (1-2) being:

##STR00002##

where R.sup.102 and R.sup.103 are (i) each individually H, F, an optionally fluorinated C1-C7 alkyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C7 alkenyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C9 alkynyl group, or an optionally fluorinated C5-C12 aryl group, or (ii) hydrocarbon groups binding to each other to form a 5-membered or 6-membered hetero ring with a nitrogen atom; and R.sup.102 and R.sup.103 each optionally contain at least one selected from O, S, and N in a structure.

The present invention provides compounds (n-3 PUFA derivatives) of formula (I): ##STR00001##
that modulate conditions associated with cardiac damage, especially cardiac arrhythmias.

The present invention provides compounds (n-3 PUFA derivatives) of formula (I): ##STR00001##
that modulate conditions associated with cardiac damage, especially cardiac arrhythmias.