The present invention provides an industrially-preferable method for safely producing N-benzyl-2-bromo-3-methoxypropionamide at a high yield but at low cost. The method for producing of the present invention includes: in sequence, an amidation process that causes diacrylic anhydride to react with benzylamine in a solvent to obtain N-benzylacrylamide; a bromination process that causes N-benzylacrylamide to react with bromine in a solvent to obtain N-benzyl-2,3-dibromopropionamide; and a methoxylation process that causes N-benzyl-2,3-dibromopropionamide to react with methanol in the presence of a base to obtain N-benzyl-2-bromo-3-methoxypropionamide.

Monomers, polymers, or oligomers formed therefrom and methods of forming or utilizing monomers of formula I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and X is —OH; —OM where M is lithium (Li), sodium (Na), or potassium (K), NH.sub.4.sup.+, R.sup.5NH.sub.3.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.2NH.sub.2.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.3NH.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.4N.sup.+ where R.sup.5 can independently be selected from alkyl, benzyl, and combinations thereof; —OR.sup.2 where R.sup.2 can be a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or a hydrocarbon moiety of bio-renewable alcohol or a hydrogenated derivative thereof; —NR.sup.3R.sup.4, —NR.sup.3—NR.sup.3R.sup.4, —NR.sup.3—OR.sup.4 where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can independently be H, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, or combinations thereof.

Monomers, polymers, or oligomers formed therefrom and methods of forming or utilizing monomers of formula I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; and X is —OH; —OM where M is lithium (Li), sodium (Na), or potassium (K), NH.sub.4.sup.+, R.sup.5NH.sub.3.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.2NH.sub.2.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.3NH.sup.+, R.sup.5.sub.4N.sup.+ where R.sup.5 can independently be selected from alkyl, benzyl, and combinations thereof; —OR.sup.2 where R.sup.2 can be a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or a hydrocarbon moiety of bio-renewable alcohol or a hydrogenated derivative thereof; —NR.sup.3R.sup.4, —NR.sup.3—NR.sup.3R.sup.4, —NR.sup.3—OR.sup.4 where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can independently be H, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, or combinations thereof.

The present disclosure is drawn to an acrylamide-containing photo active co-solvent, including a bis-tris propane co-solvent or a polypropylene oxide amine co-solvent modified with an acryloyl group to form the acrylamide-containing photo active co-solvent.

The present disclosure is drawn to an acrylamide-containing photo active co-solvent, including a bis-tris propane co-solvent or a polypropylene oxide amine co-solvent modified with an acryloyl group to form the acrylamide-containing photo active co-solvent.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a fluorine-containing methylene compound. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents an organic group, R.sup.A represents hydrogen or fluorine, R.sup.4a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.4b represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.5a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.5b represents hydrogen or an organic group, and R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2 is optionally connected to R.sup.4a to form a ring; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2):

##STR00002##

wherein X.sup.1 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, with a compound represented by formula (3):

##STR00003##

wherein X.sup.2 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent as desired, under light irradiation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a fluorine-containing methylene compound. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents an organic group, R.sup.A represents hydrogen or fluorine, R.sup.4a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.4b represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.5a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.5b represents hydrogen or an organic group, and R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2 is optionally connected to R.sup.4a to form a ring; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2):

##STR00002##

wherein X.sup.1 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, with a compound represented by formula (3):

##STR00003##

wherein X.sup.2 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent as desired, under light irradiation.

Disclosed herein are compounds of Formulae (I) and (II), methods of synthesizing compounds of Formulae (I) and (II), and methods of using compounds of Formulae (I) and (II) as an analgesic.

Disclosed herein are compounds of Formulae (I) and (II), methods of synthesizing compounds of Formulae (I) and (II), and methods of using compounds of Formulae (I) and (II) as an analgesic.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of a compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group, wherein the process comprises the steps of: a) providing a multi-screw extruder comprising a reaction chamber; b) providing reactants and reagents comprising: i. an alcohol or a primary or secondary amine; ii. a base; and iii. a (meth)acryloyl halide or a 3-halopropionyl halide; and c) incorporating the reactants and reagents into the reaction chamber of the multi-screw extruder, thereby forming a reaction product stream comprising the compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group.