Disclosed herein are compounds for activating the Reelin signaling system for the treatment of neurological disorders. Further provided are compounds and methods for activating a lipoprotein receptor, such as ApoER2 or VLDLR.

The invention relates to compounds that promote hematopoietic regeneration. The invention further relates to methods of promoting hematopoietic regeneration using the novel compounds of the invention.

The invention relates to compounds that promote hematopoietic regeneration. The invention further relates to methods of promoting hematopoietic regeneration using the novel compounds of the invention.

The present invention relates to novel spirocyclic compounds which act as modulators of indoleaine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and to the use of said compounds in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases or conditions mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds.

A catalyst represented by General Formula (1) below: ##STR00001## where in the General Formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

A catalyst represented by General Formula (1) below: ##STR00001## where in the General Formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Described herein are labeling agents, specifically [.sup.11C]fluoroform, [.sup.11C]difluoromethane, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.18]fluoroform, [.sup.18F]difluoromethane, [.sup.18F]difluoromethyl bromide or [.sup.18F]trifluoromethyl bromide. Also included are methods of labeling precursors to provide labeled fluoroalkanes and imaging methods.

Described herein are labeling agents, specifically [.sup.11C]fluoroform, [.sup.11C]difluoromethane, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]fluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]difluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl iodide, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl bromide, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl chloride, [.sup.11C]trifluoromethyl trifluoromethansulfonate, [.sup.18]fluoroform, [.sup.18F]difluoromethane, [.sup.18F]difluoromethyl bromide or [.sup.18F]trifluoromethyl bromide. Also included are methods of labeling precursors to provide labeled fluoroalkanes and imaging methods.

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C) wherein R.sup.1 represents an amino group protected with a protecting group, the method comprising a step of subjecting a compound represented by formula (B) wherein R.sup.1 represents the same meaning as above, to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound into the compound represented by formula (C).

##STR00001##

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C) wherein R.sup.1 represents an amino group protected with a protecting group, the method comprising a step of subjecting a compound represented by formula (B) wherein R.sup.1 represents the same meaning as above, to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound into the compound represented by formula (C).

##STR00001##