Various embodiments comprise endoscopes (e.g., arthroscopes) for viewing inside a cavity of a body. The endoscopes may include a tip, at least one solid-state emitter such as light emitting diode (LED), located at the distal end of the endoscope, an elongated member. The elongated member may include a plurality of lenses for transmitting light received from the tip member and an elongated conducting member for providing electric power to the solid-state emitter. The elongated conducting member may include conducting lines embedded in a flexible elongated insulating membrane. The tip member and the elongated member may be configured to dissipate heat generated by the solid-state emitter.

Methods and apparatuses for enlarging the optical scan angle of imaging probes are provided. The optical scan angle of endoscopic probes can be increased by employing the “Snell's Window” effect. An endoscopic probe can include an endoscope shell, a device for capturing electromagnetic radiation, and a liquid or gel provided between the device for capturing electromagnetic radiation and the endoscope shell. The endoscope probe can further include a first mirror placed such that electromagnetic radiation entering through the endoscope shell can bounce off the first mirror and enter the device for capturing electromagnetic radiation. The first mirror can be a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror.

An image pickup apparatus includes a silicon layer, a rewiring layer including low-permittivity insulating bodies having a permittivity that is lower than a permittivity of silicon oxide, and a cover glass, and a cutout portion is provided in the silicon layer, wirings are provided on the cutout portion, the wirings do not cover at least a part of the low-permittivity insulating bodies in the rewiring layer, the low-permittivity insulating body being exposed at the cutout portion, and the cutout portion is covered by a second protection film including a metal material via a first protection film including an insulating material.

A system and method for providing light to an optical scope having a lightport. A light device connects a camera to an optical scope and supplies light to the scope while allowing for scope rotation. The light device has a proximal end attached to the distal end of the camera, a distal end adapted to be attached to and detached from the scope, and a light source. The light source may be powered by electrical power received from the camera. A light cable extends from the light device and has a distal end adapted to be attached to and detached from the light post on the scope to supply light to the scope. The distal end of the light device is rotatable with respect to the distal end of the camera such that the light cable is able to rotate about the optical axis of the camera.

A polarization-based colposcopy apparatus includes a polarization exchanging beam splitter pair oriented so that s- and p-polarizations are exchanged. An optical flux from a specimen is directed through the pair, and orthogonal components thereof are alternately or selectively coupled to an array detector. The detected images are processed based on image correlations to reveal specimen structures.

A Carpal Tunnel Release (CTR) surgical tool is disclosed. The CRT tool is useable to perform CTR surgically endoscopically through an incision in the patient, and includes dedicated optical components within the tool. The tool also includes wireless communication means to broadcast video images from the camera to an external display without the use of any cabling. The CTR tool is modular, thus allowing different portions of the tool to be replaced, including a blade tip assembly. The CTR tool is comprised of components manufactured of materials that can be cleaned and sterilized using an autoclave alone, which allows the tool to be more easily and cheaply used in subsequent surgeries, and in contexts that may lack the resources and support traditionally necessary for surgery. The CTR system may simply comprise of the tool (and its cheaper replacement parts), a monitor having wireless capability, and a simple autoclave.

An examination system having separate enabled interchangeable operating modes includes at least one medical device having a housing retaining an optical system. The examination system further includes an adapter that is configured for aligning a plurality of disparate smart devices with the optical system of the medical device when the adapter is attached to the medical device, thereby enabling multiple operating modes without modification to the device. In at least one version, common engagement features are provided on a plurality of medical devices to permit the adapter and an attached smart device to be used therewith interchangeably.

An endoscope coupler with a split focus ring having direct engagement between the focus ring and the lens cell. The endoscope coupler may also have a changeable lens cartridge which can be replaced when moisture penetrates and ruins a the previous lens cartridge. Additional features may include branding security key which prevents use of replacement parts from third parties.

An endoscope includes a four color separation prism having a first color separation prism, a second color separation prism, a third color separation prism, and a fourth color separation prism which respectively separate light incident from an affected area into a blue, red and green color components, and an IR component, first, second, third and fourth color image sensors, and a signal output. The first color separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism, and the fourth color separation prism are sequentially disposed from an object side when receiving the light incident from the affected area. The first color image sensor is disposed opposite to the second color image sensor and the third color image sensor across an incident ray which is incident vertically to an object side incident surface of the first color separation prism.

An optical system for an endoscope includes an objective and a reversal system arranged after the objective. The reversal system includes at least one reversal stage for projecting the distal intermediate image as a proximal intermediate image into a proximal intermediate image plane. The reversal system imprints on the proximal intermediate image a first longitudinal chromatic aberration referred to a predetermined wavelength from the visible spectrum and a predetermined wavelength from the near infrared range. The objective imprints on the distal intermediate image a second longitudinal chromatic aberration referred to the predetermined wavelength from the visible spectrum and the predetermined wavelength from the near infrared range. The second longitudinal chromatic aberration has the opposite sign relative to the first longitudinal chromatic aberration, which reduces the longitudinal chromatic aberration caused by the reversal system in the proximal intermediate image.