New cationic lipids are provided that are useful for delivering macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, into eukaryotic cells. The lipids can be used alone, in combination with other lipids and/or in combination with other transfection enhancing reagents to prepare transfection complexes.

This disclosure relates to anti-agglomerant low dosage hydrate inhibitors that can inhibit the formation of hydrate agglomerants and/or plugs. The anti-agglomerant low dosage hydrate inhibitors may be surfactants. The hydrate inhibitors may be used for inhibiting, retarding, mitigating, reducing, controlling and/or delaying formation of hydrocarbon hydrates, agglomerants of hydrates, and/or plugs. The hydrate inhibitors may be applied to prevent, reduce, and/or mitigate plugging of conduits, pipes, transfer lines, valves, and other places or equipment where hydrocarbon hydrate solids may form. The hydrate inhibitors may be cationic ammonium surfactants having an ionizable secondary amine.

A novel class of compounds is described here. The disclosed novel compounds have one hydrophilic group and two identical hydrophilic ionic groups. The two hydrophilic groups of the disclosed compounds contain or end with a cationic or anionic charged group. The disclosed novel compounds herein can be used as surfactants in an article, product, or composition, or for some other purposes. A method to synthesize the disclosed novel compounds is also described.

A novel class of compounds is described here. The disclosed novel compounds have one hydrophilic group and two identical hydrophilic ionic groups. The two hydrophilic groups of the disclosed compounds contain or end with a cationic or anionic charged group. The disclosed novel compounds herein can be used as surfactants in an article, product, or composition, or for some other purposes. A method to synthesize the disclosed novel compounds is also described.

The field of new compounds and synthesis methods thereof are related, and particularly to a structure of a steric hindrance adjustable weak base light stabilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the innovative light stabilizer, a steric hindrance thereof is adjusted by establishing substituent generating the steric hindrance around nitrogen atoms; moreover, an electronegativity of the nitrogen atom can be influenced by adjusting a distance of a polar group, so that an alkalinity or a nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom is adjusted. A desired effect is obtained by adjusting a steric hindrance and a nucleophilic property or an alkalinity where the nitrogen atom is located, so that an application range of the innovative light stabilizer is widened, and the innovative light stabilizer is suitable for PC, polyester, PVC and other slightly acidic or certain electrophilic polymer materials to serve as a light stability protecting aid.

The field of new compounds and synthesis methods thereof are related, and particularly to a structure of a steric hindrance adjustable weak base light stabilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the innovative light stabilizer, a steric hindrance thereof is adjusted by establishing substituent generating the steric hindrance around nitrogen atoms; moreover, an electronegativity of the nitrogen atom can be influenced by adjusting a distance of a polar group, so that an alkalinity or a nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom is adjusted. A desired effect is obtained by adjusting a steric hindrance and a nucleophilic property or an alkalinity where the nitrogen atom is located, so that an application range of the innovative light stabilizer is widened, and the innovative light stabilizer is suitable for PC, polyester, PVC and other slightly acidic or certain electrophilic polymer materials to serve as a light stability protecting aid.

Provided is a preparation method for brivaracetam. The method has a synthetic route as shown below. The preparation method for the brivaracetam is simple, economical, environmentally friendly and suitable for industrialization:

##STR00001##

Provided is a preparation method for brivaracetam. The method has a synthetic route as shown below. The preparation method for the brivaracetam is simple, economical, environmentally friendly and suitable for industrialization:

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are the multiple charged cationic or anionic compounds, methods of making thereof, and articles or compositions comprising thereof. The disclosed multiple charged cationic or anionic compounds are derived from polyamines through two reactions: an aza-Michael addition with an activated olefin having an ionic group and a ring-opening reaction with an epoxide.

The invention relates to a lipid compound of formula (I), including lipid nanoparticles thereof, and the manufacturing method and the use of pharmaceutical delivery. The lipid compounds have formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a salt or an isomer thereof, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 n and m are defined herein.